Measures the company's sales achievements relative to the competition in terms of both effectiveness (opening new markets, turnover, market share) and efficiency (sales efficiency, profitability, reduced overhead). Uses a 7-point comparative scale anchored 'much worse' to 'much better'.
Likert
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CR = .91, AVE = .63, ICC(1) = .26. 7-point scale anchored 'much worse' to 'much better' relative to competition. Adapted from Kumar, Stern, and Achrol (1992). One item dropped during purification (increase in customer satisfaction). Robustness confirmed with objective return-on-sales data (n=136 companies; cooperation effect p<.01).
Fürst, A., Leimbach, M. & Prigge, J-K. (2017). Organizational multichannel differentiation: An analysis of its impact on channel relationships and company sales success. Journal of Marketing, 81(1), 59–82.
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