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Comparative Ad Negativity Valence

CANVPerceived degree to which an advertisement disparages a competitor
5 items 2004 α .81 Free Jain, S. P., & Posavac, S. S.

What it measures

Five semantic differential items assess the extent to which a person perceives an advertisement as hostile, derogatory, and damaging toward one or more competitors.

Citation

Jain, S. P., & Posavac, S. S. (2004). Valenced comparisons. Journal of Marketing Research, 41(1), 46–58.

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