Four items capture the extent to which a consumer perceives a brand as having been a co-participant in an experience they had -- going through the experience together, being present during it, and accompanying the consumer in a way that creates a sense of shared situational bond. The scale is grounded in brand anthropomorphism and was developed to investigate how incidental emotional arousal (specifically fear) fosters emotional attachment to a brand through a sense of companionship.
Dunn, L., & Hoegg, J. (2014). The impact of fear on emotional brand attachment. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(1), 152-168.
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