Four items measure the degree to which a customer believes a particular service-related retail provider offers good value -- not merely economic value relative to price, but broader value encompassing the effort and time invested in the transaction as well as experiential value generated through the relationship. The fourth item introduces an emotional/experiential value dimension ('makes me feel good') alongside the three resource-cost items, reflecting a multi-dimensional conception of customer value.
Karpen, I. O., Bove, L. L., Lukas, B. A., & Zyphur, M. J. (2015). Service-dominant orientation: Measurement and impact on performance outcomes. Journal of Retailing, 91(1), 89-108.
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