Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
EPDSPostnatal Depression Symptoms
10 items
1987
α 0.79–0.87
Free
Cox, J.L., Holden, J.M., & Sagovsky, R.
Clinical safeguarding note: Freely available in the public domain. Cut-off >=10 suggests possible depression; >=13 indicates likely major depression. Item 10 screens for self-harm — immediate clinical follow-up required if endorsed. Also validated for use by fathers/partners. Administered at 6–8 weeks postpartum in most UK and Australian postnatal services.
What it measures
The most widely used screening tool for postnatal and perinatal depression. Designed to exclude somatic symptoms that may be normal post-delivery. Validated from 4 weeks to 12 months postpartum and used antenatally. Available in 60+ languages and routinely administered in postnatal care worldwide.
Representative items
- I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things. (R)
- I have looked forward with enjoyment to things. (R)
- I have blamed myself unnecessarily when things went wrong.
- I have been anxious or worried for no good reason.
- I have felt scared or panicky for no very good reason.
Citation
Cox, J.L., Holden, J.M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150(6), 782–786.