Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale

What it measures

The most widely cited measure of global self-esteem — overall self-worth and self-acceptance. Validated across hundreds of cultures and age groups. Balanced positive and negative wording reduces acquiescence bias.

Representative items

• On the whole, I am satisfied with myself.
• At times, I think I am no good at all. (R)
• I feel that I have a number of good qualities.
• I am able to do things as well as most other people.
• I feel I do not have much to be proud of. (R)

Citation

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press.