Sport Motivation Scale–6

What it measures

Measures athlete motivation across the self-determination theory continuum in sport contexts. The SMS-6 is the revised standard for measuring sport motivation from autonomous intrinsic motivation through identified and introjected regulation to external regulation and amotivation. Widely used in sport psychology, coaching science, and exercise adherence research.

Response format

Likert (1–7, does not correspond at all to corresponds exactly)

Representative items

• For the pleasure it gives me to know more about the sport I practice. (IM)
• Because it is one of the best ways I have chosen to develop other aspects of myself. (Integrated)
• Because it is a good way for me to meet people. (Identified)
• Because I would feel bad about myself if I was not taking time to do it. (Introjected)
• To show others how good I am at my sport. (External)

Usage notes & scoring

Six subscale scores. Relative Autonomy Index (RAI) computable as weighted composite. Higher RAI = more autonomous motivation, predicting greater persistence, wellbeing, and performance. Widely used in research on coaching style, athlete burnout prevention, and sport participation.

Recommended companion scales

Citation

Mallett, C., Kawabata, M., Newcombe, P., Otero-Forero, A., & Jackson, S. (2007). Sport Motivation Scale-6 (SMS-6): A revised six-factor sport motivation scale. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8(5), 600–614.

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