Four items assess a consumer's trust, respect, and admiration for the company manufacturing an advertised product. Originally developed as a three-item scale, a fourth item (admiration) was added in later studies by the same author.
7-point Likert (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree)
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
Alpha of .83 (Dean 1999, n=185), .92 (Dean & Biswas 2001, n=229), and .90 (Dean & Biswas 2001, n=237). Blanks should be filled with the product category name. Dean (1999) used items 1–3; Dean and Biswas (2001) used items 1, 2, 4, and a variant of 3. Researchers should note which item subset they use and report accordingly.
Dean, D. H. (1999). Brand endorsement, popularity, and event sponsorship as advertising cues affecting consumer pre-purchase attitudes. Journal of Advertising, 28(3), 1–12.
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