A multiple-item scale measuring brand image clarity.
7-point Likert scale
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
Reported alpha coefficients range from .80 to .87 across samples or studies.
Lee, Kyoungmi and Sharon Shavitt (2009), “Can McDonald's Food Ever Be Considered Healthful? Metacognitive Experiences Affect the Perceived Understanding of a Brand,” Journal of Marketing Research, 46 (2), 222-233.
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