Crowdfunding Exploration Framing Perception

What it measures

This scale assesses how much a person believes a crowdfunding request is framed around an early-stage, experimental project exploring new product ideas or features. It is the exploration-oriented companion to Zhang et al.'s (2023) exploitation-framing measure, developed for the same crowdfunding studies.

Response format

7-point scale (strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (7))

Scale items

• is in an experimental development stage.
• will further explore ways to create an initial product.
• is developing its proof of concept.
• is exploring new features of its initial product.
• will deploy the funds to gain flexibility for exploration, which is vital to long-term development.

Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.

Usage notes & scoring

The scale was reliable in both studies (α = .80, Study 2; α = .81, Study 3; Zhang et al. 2023, pp. 454-455). It served successfully as a manipulation check in both studies, providing preliminary support for predictive validity, though formal validity testing was not reported. The stem should be completed with a name for the project seeking funding.

Recommended companion scales

Citation

Zhang, Yufei, Thomas E. DeCarlo, Andrew S. Manikas, and Abhi Bhattacharya (2023), "To Exploit or Explore? The Impact of Crowdfunding Project Descriptions and Backers' Power States on Funding Decisions," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 51 (2), 444-462.

Keywords

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