This scale measures the extent to which a person felt absorbed by a particular interface — voice-based or text-based, as used by Zierau et al. (2023). Although the authors described the measure as "adapted" from Unger and Kernan (1983), the overlap between the two sets of items is mostly conceptual, so it is more precise to describe this scale as created by Zierau et al. (2023), drawing on concepts from that earlier work on the subjective experience of leisure.
7-point Likert (1=Strongly disagree, 7=Strongly agree)
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
Internal consistency was very high across all four studies, ranging from .91 to .93 (Zierau et al. 2023, pp. 831, 832, 834, 836). The scale was shown to be distinct from a related construct the authors termed experiential service experience, supporting discriminant validity; AVEs for flow ranged from .77 to .85. Not a true item-level adaptation of Unger and Kernan (1983) — see About section.
Zierau, Nairn, Christian Hildebrand, Anouk Bergner, Francesc Busquet, Anuschka Schmitt, and Jan Marco Leimeister (2023), "Voice Bots on the Frontline: Voice-based Interfaces Enhance Flow-like Consumer Experiences & Boost Service Outcomes," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 51 (4), 823-842.
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