Four items measure the extent to which a person finds a web navigation task challenging and stretching relative to their abilities—a component of flow experience in online searching.
7-point Likert (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree)
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
Modified from Novak, Hoffman, and Yung (2000). Alpha .85. Referred to as 'navigational challenge' in the original article. This scale measures how much the web task challenges skill level — a different construct from internet search skill.
Mathwick, C., & Rigdon, E. (2004). Play, flow, and the online search experience. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(2), 324–332.
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