Three items measure the extent to which a consumer perceives a product to be symbolically infused with love through the process by which it was made. The scale operationalises the 'love account' of the handmade effect -- the belief that handcrafted products contain and transmit the maker's affective investment in a way that machine-made products cannot. This perceived love embeddedness is posited as a key mechanism through which production mode (handmade vs. machine-made) affects product attractiveness and gift-giving value.
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
Two slightly different versions of the scale were used across studies. The comparative version (Study 3) used a 6-point bipolar format where extremes represent two alternative brands or production modes (e.g., 'more like [Brand A]' vs. 'more like [Brand B]'), and items refer to 'products' (plural). The single-product version (Study 4) used a 7-point Likert format with strongly disagree / strongly agree anchors, and items refer to 'product' (singular). Items presented below are in the Likert format used in Study 4, with 'product' as the noun. Both versions demonstrated discriminant validity from related constructs. The scale was authored by Fuchs, Schreier, and van Osselaer (2015); no prior source was identified.
Fuchs, C., Schreier, M., & van Osselaer, S. M. J. (2015). The handmade effect: What's love got to do with it? Journal of Marketing, 79(2), 98-110.
Free access to 2455+ psychometric scales at PsychScales