Three unipolar items measure the extent to which a person is currently experiencing psychological tension and discomfort. Suitable for assessing dissonance-related distress or generalized unease.
7-point unipolar (1=not at all, 7=extremely)
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
From Elliot and Devine (1994); used by Spangenberg et al. (2003) in Studies 3A, 3B, 4, and a footnote study. Alpha .85. Companion to the Post-Exposure Negative Affect scale, but distinct in targeting general psychological tension rather than specific negative emotions.
Elliot, A. J., & Devine, P. G. (1994). On the motivational nature of cognitive dissonance: Dissonance as psychological discomfort. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(3), 382–394.
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