Four items measure the degree to which a consumer perceives a service category as complicated and hard to understand, requiring substantial knowledge to evaluate and use effectively.
5-point Likert (1=strongly disagree, 5=strongly agree)
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
Appears original to Burnham, Frels, and Mahajan (2003). Alphas .70 (long-distance service) and .82 (credit card). The higher alpha (.82) was obtained for the credit card context; long-distance was below threshold. Item 1 appears truncated—verify full wording against original article.
Burnham, T. A., Frels, J. K., & Mahajan, V. (2003). Consumer switching costs: A typology, antecedents and consequences. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 31(2), 109–126.
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