Student Approaches to Learning Scale
SAL / R-SPQ-2FDeep vs Surface Learning Approaches
20 items
2001
α 0.73–0.80
Free
Biggs, J., Kember, D., & Leung, D.Y.P.
What it measures
Measures two fundamental approaches to learning: deep approach (intrinsic interest, relating ideas, seeking meaning and understanding) and surface approach (rote memorisation, reproducing content, meeting minimum requirements). Based on Biggs' 3P model of teaching and learning. The R-SPQ-2F is the most widely used measure of learning approaches in higher education research.
Representative items
- I find that at times studying gives me a feeling of deep personal satisfaction. (Deep)
- I find most new topics interesting and often spend extra time trying to obtain more information about them. (Deep)
- I learn some things by rote, going over and over them until I know them by heart even if I do not understand them. (Surface)
- I find I have to do enough work on a topic so that I can put together the ideas of the author myself. (Deep)
- I only study seriously what's given out in class or in the course outlines. (Surface)
Citation
Biggs, J., Kember, D., & Leung, D.Y.P. (2001). The revised two-factor Study Process Questionnaire: R-SPQ-2F. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 71(1), 133–149.