A multiple-item Likert-type scale designed to measure the degree that a person indicates experiencing negative physiological and emotional symptoms, most likely as a reaction to stress.
Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343.
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