A five-item, seven-point semantic differential scale measuring an individual's general attitude toward the practice of companies offshoring their business activities to other countries. Items assess whether offshore outsourcing is perceived as harmful or beneficial, unnecessary or necessary, bad or good, unfavorable or favorable, and negative or positive. Adapted from a prior seven-item measure for use in an Italian consumer sample; survey materials were back-translated (English-Italian) and verified. In the parent study, the scale was used in Study 2 alongside a perceived risk of offshoring scale, with the two scales assessed for discriminant validity — a distinct purpose from the study's primary constructs (moral emotions, consumer attitudes toward the company, and word-of-mouth).
Grappi, S., Romani, S., & Bagozzi, R.P. (2013). The effects of company offshoring strategies on consumer responses. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 41(6), 683-704.
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