Consumer Behaviour Scales

637 validated scales · all free to use

The broadest domain in the database, covering how consumers perceive, evaluate, feel about and respond to products, services and consumption experiences. Scales here measure constructs such as product evaluation, perceived quality, hedonic and utilitarian value, aesthetics and design, authenticity, privacy concern, motivation, status seeking and innovativeness, along with the many state measures and manipulation checks used in experimental consumer research. Food and beverage evaluation, sensory liking and apparel quality are well represented, as are measures adapted for social media and digital settings. Many of these scales were developed or adapted in single studies and published in leading consumer research journals, so the reliability and sample details on each page are worth checking against your own context. Scales are listed alphabetically below; use the letter index to jump through the list, or open the interactive search to filter by type, reliability or number of items.

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Other Marketing domains

All Consumer Behaviour scales (A–Z)

A

• Absorption DispositionTellegen, A. (original); Chang, C. (adapted use) · 2011 · 7 items · α 0.90 / 0.86
• Accountability DegreeMehta, R., Hoegg, J., & Chakravarti, A. · 2011 · 4 items · α 0.81
• Acquisition-Based Self-Transformation Expectations Scale (STAO)Richins, M. L., & Chaplin, L. N. · 2015 · 5 items · α 0.91
• ACSI Brand Quality (ACSI-BQ)Fornell, C., Johnson, M.D., Anderson, E.W., Cha, J., & Bryant, B.E. · 1996 · 3 items · α .975
• ACSI Brand Satisfaction (ACSI-BS)Fornell, C., Johnson, M.D., Anderson, E.W., Cha, J., & Bryant, B.E. · 1996 · 3 items · α .975
• Action Planning (Use of the New Product) (APNP)Lin, Y.T., MacInnis, D.J., & Eisingerich, A.B. · 2020 · 5 items · α 0.88–0.90
• Active Participation (AP)Müller-Stewens, J., Schlager, T., Häubl, G., & Herrmann, A. · 2017 · 4 items · α .91
• Ad Character Social Conformity (ACSC)Youn, N., Park, J., & Eom, H. J. · 2019 · 4 items · α .894–.954 (varied by study)
• Ad Information Complexity (ADIC)Wu, L., & Dodoo, N.A. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.93–0.94
• Ad Mental Simulation (Outcome) (AMSO)Cian, L., Longoni, C., & Krishna, A. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.95
• Ad Mental Simulation (Process) (AMSP)Cian, L., Longoni, C., & Krishna, A. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.94
• Ad Message Focus (Self vs. Social) (AMFS)Garcia-Collart, T., Serin, N., & Sinha, J. · 2020 · 5 items · α 0.949–0.986
• Ad Motivated Travel Interest (AMTI)Can, A.S., Ekinci, Y., Hall, C.M., & Zeren, D. · 2020 · 5 items · α 0.89
• Ad-Induced Fear Response (AIFR)Wu, E. C., & Cutright, K. M. · 2018 · 3 items · α .92–.98 (varied by study)
• Aesthetic AppealWang, Y.J., Minor, M.S., & Wei, J. · 2011 · 3 items · α 0.95 / 0.92
• Aesthetic Characteristic of the Food (Color) (ACFC)Suher, J., Szocs, C., & van Ittersum, K. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.88
• Aesthetic Characteristic of the Food (Shape) (ACFS)Suher, J., Szocs, C., & van Ittersum, K. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.92
• Aesthetic Characteristic of the Food (Texture) (ACFT)Suher, J., Szocs, C., & van Ittersum, K. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.88
• Aesthetic FormalityWang, Y.J., Minor, M.S., & Wei, J. · 2011 · 3 items · α 0.95
• Affective Response (Negative) (ARN)Du, J., Fan, X., & Feng, T. · 2011 · 8 items · α 0.82–0.97
• Agency (External) (AGEX)Beck, J.T., Rahinel, R., & Bleier, A. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.96
• Agency (Personal) (AGPE)Beck, J.T., Rahinel, R., & Bleier, A. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.95
• Altruistic Review Motivation (ARM)Packard, G. & Berger, J. · 2017 · 3 items · α .86
• Altruistic Word-of-Mouth Motivation (AWOMM)Dubois, D., Bonezzi, A., & De Angelis, M. · 2016 · 3 items · α .89
• Ambivalence of Product Evaluation (APE)Nowlis, S.M., Kahn, B.E., & Dhar, R. · 2002 · 3 items · α 0.90–0.92
• Ambivalence Toward the Object (ATO)Chang, C. · 2011 · 5 items · α 0.90–0.92
• Analytic/Holistic Thinking (AHT)Choi, I., Koo, M., & Choi, J.A. · 2007 · 4 items · α 0.82–0.87
• AngerGelbrich, K. · 2011 · 8 items · α 0.88–0.90
• Animosity Toward Outsourced Countries Scale (ATOS)Grappi, S., Romani, S., & Bagozzi, R.P. · 2013 · 3 items · α alpha = .90 (Grappi, Romani, & Bagozzi, 2013; Study 1, N=325, Italian consumers)
• Anomia (ANO)Harris, L. C. · 2008 · 6 items · α .89
• Anthropomorphic Companionship of an ObjectFronczek, L.P., Mende, M., Scott, M.L., Nenkov, G.Y., & Gustafsson, A. · 2023 · 4 items · α 0.90
• Anthropomorphic Feature PerceptionChen, F., Sengupta, J., & Zheng, J. · 2023 · 4 items · α 0.87-0.95
• Anthropomorphism of AI AssistantsUysal, E., Alavi, S., & Bezçenon, V. · 2022 · 5 items · α 0.86-0.91
• Anthropomorphism of the Object (ANTH)Crolic, C., Thomaz, F., Hadi, R., & Stephen, A.T. · 2022 · 7 items · α 0.97–0.98
• Anticipated Debt StigmaMoorhouse, M., Goode, M., Cotte, J., & Widney, J. · 2023 · 5 items · α 0.75-0.94
• Anticipated Food Consumption Affect (AFCA)Kahn, B. E., & Wansink, B. · 2004 · 7 items · α .92
• Anticipated Positive Affect from Refund Receipt (APARR)Dutta, S., Guha, A., Biswas, A., & Grewal, D. · 2019 · 3 items · α .98
• Anticipated Regret of Losing a Gamble (AROL)Mandel, N., & Nowlis, S. M. · 2008 · 3 items · α .81
• Anticipated Saving Success (ASS)Ülkümen, G., & Cheema, A. · 2011 · 3 items · α 0.90–0.94
• Anticipated Spousal Disapproval (ASD)Garbinsky, E.N., Gladstone, J.J., Nikolova, H., & Olson, J.G. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.90
• Anticipation of the Holiday (ANIH)Tonietto, G.N., & Barasch, A. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.93
• Anxiety (General) (ANXG)Maheswaran, D., & Meyers-Levy, J. · 1990 · 8 items · α 0.86–0.89
• Anxiety (Technological) (ANXT1)Collier, J.E., & Sherrell, D.L. · 2010 · 3 items · α 0.872
• Anxiety (Technological) (ANXT2)Meuter, M.L., Bitner, M.J., Ostrom, A.L., & Brown, S.W. · 2005 · 4 items · α 0.85–0.93
• Appeal of Images in the Website (AIWB)Cyr, D., Head, M., & Ivanov, A. · 2009 · 5 items · α 0.88
• Appeal Type (Charity) (AT)White, K., & Peloza, J. · 2009 · 4 items · α .85
• AR Shopping App Usefulness (ARSAU)Hilken, T., de Ruyter, K., Chylinski, M., Mahr, D., & Keeling, D.I. · 2017 · 3 items · α .85–.90
• Argument Strength (AS)Wheeler, S. C., & Bizer, G. Y. · 2005 · 3 items · α .88
• Arousal-Seeking Tendency (AST)Dawson, S. P., & Ridgway, N. M. · 1990 · 11 items · α .89
• Attention Overload Scale (ATOL)Cutright, K.M. · 2012 · 6 items · α alpha = .84 (Cutright, 2012; Study 5, n=74)
• Attitude Confidence (ATTCON)Petty, R. E., Briñol, P., & Tormala, Z. L. · 2002 · 4 items · α .80
• Attitude Strength (ASTR)Priester, J. R., Nayakankuppam, D., Fleming, M. A., & Godek, J. · 2004 · 4 items · α .92
• Attitude Toward "Green" Marketing Claims (Believability) (AGMCB)Chang, C. · 2011 · 4 items · α 0.81
• Attitude Toward "Green" Products (Environmental Benefits) (ATGPB)Chang, C. · 2011 · 3 items · α 0.81
• Attitude Toward a Purchase Offer (APO)Fan, L., Li, X., & Jiang, Y. · 2019 · 3 items · α .97
• Attitude Toward a Self-Designed Product (ATSDP)Moreau, C.P., Bonney, L., & Herd, K.B. · 2011 · 6 items · α 0.94
• Attitude Toward a Specific Event Sponsor (ATES)Henderson, C. M., Mazodier, M., & Sundar, A. · 2019 · 3 items · α .96
• Attitude Toward Code Switching (ATCS)Bishop, M.M., & Peterson, M. · 2010 · 9 items · α 0.91
• Attitude Toward Consuming the Food (ATCF)Keh, H.T., Wang, D., & Yan, L. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.93
• Attitude Toward Customer Referral Programs (ACRP)Viswanathan, V., Tillmanns, S., Krafft, M., & Asselmann, D. · 2018 · 4 items · α .87
• Attitude Toward Debt Consolidation Loans (ATDCL)Bolton, L.E., Bloom, P.N., & Cohen, J.B. · 2011 · 4 items · α 0.97
• Attitude Toward Homosexuality (ATH)Herek, G.M. · 1994 · 4 items · α 0.82
• Attitude Toward Losing Weight (ATLW)Jia, M., Li, X., & Krishna, A. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.80
• Attitude Toward Negotiating Prices (ATNP)Schneider, K.C., Rodgers, W.C., & Bristow, D.N. · 1999 · 3 items · α 0.88–0.91
• Attitude Toward Offshoring Scale (ATOFF)Grappi, S., Romani, S., & Bagozzi, R.P. · 2013 · 5 items · α alpha = .89 (Grappi, Romani, & Bagozzi, 2013; Study 2, N=407, Italian adults); AVE = .62
• Attitude Toward Playing the Game (ATPG)Murray, K.B., & Bellman, S. · 2011 · 3 items · α 0.88–0.90
• Attitude Toward Punishing the Company (ATPUC)Hyodo, J.D., & Bolton, L.E. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.80–0.89
• Attitude Toward Puzzles Scale (ATPUZ)Mourali, M., & Yang, Z. · 2013 · 3 items · α alpha = .87 (pilot, n=48); alpha = .91 (Study 2, n=202); both University of Calgary students
• Attitude Toward Reading Scale (ATREAD)Avnet, T., Pham, M.T., & Stephen, A.T. · 2012 · 5 items · α alpha = .87 (Avnet, Pham, & Stephen, 2012; Study 2, n=52 students)
• Attitude Toward Rescue-Based Food (ATRBF)de Visser-Amundson, A., Peloza, J., & Kleijnen, M. · 2021 · 7 items · α 0.95
• Attitude Toward Sharing the Information (ATSI)Styvén, M.E., Mariani, M., & Strandberg, C. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.953
• Attitude Toward Shopping at the Store (ATSTS)Streicher, M.C., Estes, Z., & Büttner, O.B. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.81
• Attitude Toward Sponsorship as a Practice (ATSP)Dickenson, P., & Souchon, A. L. · 2018 · 3 items · α CR .939–.950
• Attitude Toward Supporting Ex-Offenders (ATSE)Milfeld, T., Haley, E., & Flint, D.J. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.94
• Attitude Toward the Act (Opening Account) (ATAA)Roehm, M.L., & Roehm, H.A. · 2011 · 5 items · α 0.82–0.84
• Attitude Toward the Activity (Ritualism) (ATART)Wang, X., Sun, Y., & Kramer, T. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.95
• Attitude Toward the Ad (Affective) (ATAA2)Pham, M.T., & Avnet, T. · 2004 · 3 items · α 0.80–0.88
• Attitude Toward the Ad (Believability) (ATAB)Chang, C. · 2011 · 6 items · α 0.94
• Attitude Toward the Ad (Focused Nostalgia) (ATAFN)Muehling, D.D., & Parscal, V.J. · 2011 · 6 items · α 0.95
• Attitude Toward the Ad (General Nostalgia) (ATAG)Pascal, V., Sprott, D.E., & Muehling, D.D. · 2002 · 10 items · α 0.96–0.97
• Attitude Toward the Ad (Informativeness) (ATAI)Pham, M.T., & Avnet, T. · 2004 · 3 items · α 0.81–0.86
• Attitude Toward the Ad (Novelty) (ATAN)Sheinin, D.A., Varki, S., & Ashley, C. · 2011 · 6 items · α 0.92–0.97
• Attitude Toward the Ad (Pre-Birth Era Nostalgia) (ATAPB)Muehling, D.D., & Parscal, V.J. · 2011 · 6 items · α 0.94
• Attitude Toward the Ad (Prevention Focus) (ATADPREV)Wu, L., & Dodoo, N.A. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.85
• Attitude Toward the Ad (Promotion Focus) (ATADPRO)Wu, L., & Dodoo, N.A. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.93
• Attitude Toward the Ad (Usefulness) (ATAU)Sheinin, D.A., Varki, S., & Ashley, C. · 2011 · 5 items · α 0.87–0.90
• Attitude Toward the Ad (Violence) (ATAV)Capella, M.L., Hill, R.P., Rapp, J.M., & Kees, J. · 2010 · 3 items · α 0.83
• Attitude Toward the Ad (Warmth) (ATADW)Kim, T., & Ball, J.G. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.95
• Attitude Toward the Company (Ethics and Liking) (ATCEL)Woolley, K., & Sharif, M.A. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.91
• Attitude Toward the Company (General) (ATCG)Homer, P.M. · 1995 · 9 items · α 0.96–0.97
• Attitude Toward the Company (Overall Evaluation) (ATCOE)Crolic, C., Thomaz, F., Hadi, R., & Stephen, A.T. · 2022 · 4 items · α 0.95–0.97
• Attitude Toward the Company (Social Responsibility) (ATCSR)Folse, J.A.G., Niedrich, R.W., & Grau, S.L. · 2010 · 5 items · α 0.881–0.933
• Attitude Toward the Imagination Experience (ATIE)Wang, X., Sun, Y., & Kramer, T. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.85
• Attitude Toward the Logo (Clarity) (ATLC)Hagtvedt, H. · 2011 · 3 items · α 0.89
• Attitude Toward the Logo (Interestingness) (ATLI)Hagtvedt, H. · 2011 · 3 items · α 0.91
• Attitude Toward the Movie (General) (ATTM)Grier, S. A., & Thornton, C. G. · 2006 · 6 items · α .95
• Attitude Toward the Movie (Post-Viewing) (ATMOV-P)Dens, N., De Pelsmacker, P., Wouters, M., & Purnawirawan, N. · 2012 · 7 items · α alpha = .945 (Bride Wars, n=187); alpha = .913 (The Women, n=103); Dens et al., 2012; Belgian female audience
• Attitude Toward the Object (Attention Getting) (ATOA)Keh, H.T., Wang, D., & Yan, L. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.90
• Attitude Toward the Odor (ATTO)Botti, S., & McGill, A. L. · 2006 · 3 items · α .89
• Attitude Toward the Organization (Admiration) (ATOA)Aaker, J., Vohs, K.D., & Mogilner, C. · 2010 · 4 items · α 0.94
• Attitude Toward the Organization (Social Responsibility) (ATTO)Dean, D. H. · 1999 · 5 items · α .95
• Attitude Toward the Possession (ATPO)Melumad, S., & Pham, M.T. · 2020 · 6 items · α 0.87
• Attitude Toward the Product (Greenness) (ATPGR)Yan, L., Keh, H.T., & Chen, J. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.93
• Attitude Toward the Product (Overall Evaluation) (ATPR)Han, D., Duhachek, A., & Agrawal, N. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.95–0.96
• Attitude Toward the Product/Brand (Hedonic) (ATPH)Voss, K.E., Spangenberg, E.R., & Grohmann, B. · 2003 · 5 items · α 0.89–0.95
• Attitude Toward the Product/Brand (Utilitarian) (ATPU)Voss, K.E., Spangenberg, E.R., & Grohmann, B. · 2003 · 5 items · α 0.84–0.95
• Attitude Toward the Referral (Negative) (ATRN)Gershon, R., Cryder, C., & John, L.K. · 2020 · 6 items · α 0.94–0.96
• Attitude Toward the Salesperson (ATSP)Brown, S.P. · 1995 · 6 items · α 0.80–0.95
• Attitude Toward the Smartphone (Haptic Pleasure) (SMHP)Melumad, S., & Pham, M.T. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.95
• Attitude Toward the Smartphone (Portability) (SMPT)Melumad, S., & Pham, M.T. · 2020 · 5 items · α 0.88
• Attitude Toward the Smartphone (Privacy) (SMPR)Melumad, S., & Pham, M.T. · 2020 · 5 items · α 0.85
• Attitude Toward the Smartphone (Private Space) (SMPS)Melumad, S., & Pham, M.T. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.94
• Attitude Toward the Smartphone (Security Comfort) (SMSC)Melumad, S., & Pham, M.T. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.88
• Attitude Toward the Smartphone (Stress Coping) (SMST)Melumad, S., & Pham, M.T. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.91
• Attitude Toward the Sponsorship (ATSS2)Olson, E.L., & Thjømøe, H.M. · 2011 · 3 items · α 0.81
• Attitude Toward the Tweet (Humorous) (ATTWH)Borah, A., Banerjee, S., Lin, Y.T., Jain, A., & Eisingerich, A.B. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.96
• Attitude Toward the Tweet (Manipulative) (ATTWM)Kirmani, A., & Zhu, R. · 2007 · 3 items · α 0.95
• Attitude Toward the Tweet (Negativity) (ATTWN)Thomas, V.L., & Fowler, K. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.857–0.948
• Attitude Toward the Tweet (Surprising) (ATTWS)Borah, A., Banerjee, S., Lin, Y.T., Jain, A., & Eisingerich, A.B. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.94
• Attitude Toward the Tweet (Timeliness) (ATTWTL)Borah, A., Banerjee, S., Lin, Y.T., Jain, A., & Eisingerich, A.B. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.96
• Attitude Toward the Website (Design) (ATWD)Falk, T., Hammerschmidt, M., & Schepers, J.J.L. · 2010 · 3 items · α 0.85
• Attitude Toward the Website (Enjoyment) (ATWE2)Hassanein, K., & Head, M. · 2007 · 4 items · α 0.92
• Attitude Toward the Website (Image) (ATWI)Falk, T., Hammerschmidt, M., & Schepers, J.J.L. · 2010 · 3 items · α 0.95
• Attitude Toward the Website (Security) (ATWS)John, L.K., Acquisti, A., & Loewenstein, G. · 2011 · 4 items · α 0.88–0.93
• Attitude Toward the Website (Shopping Enjoyment) (ATWE)Falk, T., Hammerschmidt, M., & Schepers, J.J.L. · 2010 · 3 items · α 0.92
• Attitude Toward Word-of-Mouth (On-line) (ATWOM)Khare, A., Labrecque, L.I., & Asare, A.K. · 2011 · 6 items · α 0.86–0.88
• Attractiveness (ATT)Argo, J. J., & Main, K. J. · 2008 · 3 items · α .96
• Audience Intention Cue (Communal vs. Exchange) (AICE)Harmeling, C.M., Mende, M., Scott, M.L., & Palmatier, R.W. · 2021 · 6 items · α 0.87
• Augmented Reality Product Spatial Presence (ARPSP)Hilken, T., de Ruyter, K., Chylinski, M., Mahr, D., & Keeling, D. I. · 2017 · 8 items · α .92
• Authenticity of Purchase Decisions (AUTPD)Bellezza, S., & Berger, J. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.89–0.94
• Authenticity of the Person (AUTPER)Smith, R.K., Vandellen, M.R., & Ton, A. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.87
• Authenticity of the Review (AUTRV)Zhang, Z., & Patrick, V.M. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.90

B

• Behavioral Activation System (BAS)Carver, C.S., & White, T.L. · 1994 · 5 items · α 0.77–0.90
• Behavioral Control (BC)Hui, M. K. · 1991 · 3 items · α .92
• Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)Carver, C.S., & White, T.L. · 1994 · 7 items · α 0.78–0.83
• Behavioral Intentions Toward the Ad Product (BIAP)Sundar, S.S., & Kalyanaraman, S. · 2004 · 4 items · α 0.93–0.96
• Behavioral Intentions Toward the Store (Hypothetical) (BISH)Hess, N.J., et al. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.89–0.91
• Belief in Luck (State) (BLKS)Hock, S.J., Bagchi, R., & Anderson, T.M. · 2020 · 5 items · α 0.95–0.96
• Belief in Luck (Trait) (BLKT)Hock, S.J., Bagchi, R., & Anderson, T.M. · 2020 · 5 items · α 0.81
• Blameworthiness (BW)Johnson, A. R., Folkes, V. S., & Wang, J. · 2018 · 3 items · α .93
• Body Shape-Status Inference (BSSI)Chen, J., Pang, J., Koo, M., & Patrick, V.M. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.88–0.94
• Body Size (BDSZ)McFerran, B., Dahl, D.W., Fitzsimons, G.J., & Morales, A.C. · 2010 · 3 items · α 0.84
• Body State (Feeling of Confinement) (BS)Meyers-Levy, Joan and Rui (Juliet) Zhu · 2007 · 4 items · α .84
• Body Weight Exposure (BWEX)Harmeling, C.M., Mende, M., Scott, M.L., & Palmatier, R.W. · 2021 · 5 items · α 0.96
• Body Weight Stigma (BWST)Harmeling, C.M., Mende, M., Scott, M.L., & Palmatier, R.W. · 2021 · 12 items · α 0.93
• Bragging About Products Purchased (BRAG)Ruvio, A., et al. · 2020 · 5 items · α 0.93
• Brand Forgiveness (BF)Huang, X., Huang, Z., & Wyer, R. S. · 2018 · 4 items · α .93
• Brand Mistreatment Rumination (BMR)Kähr, A., Nyffenegger, B., Krohmer, H., & Hoyer, W.D. · 2016 · 6 items · α .93
• Brand Preference (Purchase)Eichinger, I., Schreier, M., & van Osselaer, S. M. J. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.97
• Brand Relationship Orientation (BRO)Puzakova, M. & Kwak, H. · 2017 · 3 items · α .90
• Brand Support of Fair Trade (BRSFT)Kim, S., & Han, J. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.90
• Brand-Evoked Nature Feelings (BENF)Schmuck, D., Matthes, J., & Naderer, B. · 2018 · 3 items · α .94
• Branded App Usability: Personalisation (BAU-P)Baek, T. H., & Yoo, C. Y. · 2018 · 3 items · α .83 (composite reliability)
• Branded App Usability: Speed (BAU-S)Baek, T. H., & Yoo, C. Y. · 2018 · 3 items · α .87 (composite reliability)
• Branded App Usability: User-Friendliness (BAU-UF)Baek, T. H., & Yoo, C. Y. · 2018 · 3 items · α .94 (composite reliability)
• Branded Product Attachment (BPA)Nitzan, I., & Ein-Gar, D. · 2019 · 8 items · α .94
• Breach of PromiseCaruelle, D., Lervik-Olsen, L., & Gustafsson, A. · 2023 · 3 items · α 0.89
• Budget Constraints (BC)Urbany, J. E., & Kalapurakal, R. · 1996 · 3 items · α .89
• Budget Constraints (BC)Talukdar, D. · 2008 · 3 items · α .90

C

• Caregiving (State)Garcia-Rada, X., Steffel, M., Williams, E. F., & Norton, M. I. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.91 to 0.96 across studies (3-item version); equivalent alpha of .830 and .883 for the 2-item version (from correlations of .71 and .79)
• Cart Abandonment (Concern about Order Costs) (CAOC)Kukar-Kinney, M., & Close, A.G. · 2010 · 3 items · α 0.91
• Cart Abandonment (Search for Better Price) (CASP)Kukar-Kinney, M., & Close, A.G. · 2010 · 3 items · α 0.91
• Cart Abandonment Frequency (CARF)Kukar-Kinney, M., & Close, A.G. · 2010 · 4 items · α 0.85
• Cart Usage as a Decision Tool (CUDT)Kukar-Kinney, M., & Close, A.G. · 2010 · 3 items · α 0.90
• Categorization Tendency (Chronic) (CATT)Park, H., Lalwani, A.K., & Silvera, D.H. · 2020 · 5 items · α 0.80
• Cause Involvement (CAUINV)Kim, S., & Han, J. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.89–0.96
• Cause Participation Intention (CPI)Grau, S. L. · 2007 · 3 items · α .83
• Cause-Related Marketing Motive Attributions (Egoistic) (CRMM)Ellen, P. S., & Mohr, L. A. · 2006 · 4 items · α .88
• Cause-Related Marketing Motive Attributions (Serving Society) (CRMSS)Folse, J.A.G., Niedrich, R.W., & Grau, S.L. · 2010 · 6 items · α 0.895–0.959
• Cause-Related Marketing Motive Attributions (Values Driven) (CRMM)Ellen, P. S., & Mohr, L. A. · 2006 · 5 items · α .89
• Certainty (CER)Gross, S. R., Holtz, R., & Miller, N. · 1995 · 5 items · α .91
• Certainty of Product Performance (COPP)Weathers, D. S., & Wood, S. L. · 2007 · 3 items · α .87
• Certainty of the Product's WeightJha, S., Balaji, M. S., & Peck, J. · 2023 · 3 items · α 0.91 to 0.96
• Certainty of the Purchase DecisionPizzutti, C., Gonçalves, R., & Ferreira, M. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.87 (Wave 1); 0.83 (Wave 2)
• Charity Inefficiency (CHIF)Yin, B., Li, Y.J., & Singh, S. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.80
• Child Labour Importance in Purchase Decisions (CLIPD)Reczek, R. W., Irwin, J. R., Zane, D. M., & Ehrich, K. R. · 2018 · 3 items · α .92
• Choice Freedom (CHFR)Botti, S., & McGill, A.L. · 2011 · 5 items · α 0.82–0.84
• Choice UncertaintyChoe, Y., Kan, C., & Polman, E. · 2023 · 3 items · α 0.903
• Closeness of the Friend (CLOS)Liu, P.J., & Min, K.E. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.91–0.92
• Closure Concern (CLCNC)Kardes, F. R., Cronley, M. L., Kellaris, J. J., & Posavic, S. S. · 2004 · 5 items · α .80
• Cognitive Resource Demands (CRD)Keller, P. A., & Block, L. G. · 1997 · 5 items · α .93
• Cognitive Resource Demands (CRD3)Connors, S., Khamitov, M., Thomson, M., & Perkins, A. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.91
• Cognitive Trust (Data Context) Scale (CTD)Martin, K.D., Borah, A., & Palmatier, R.W. · 2017 · 4 items · α CR = .96–.98; AVE = .85–.94
• Cognitive Weariness (CGWR)Shirom, A., & Melamed, S. · 2006 · 5 items · α 0.93
• Comfort Felt (COMF)Melumad, S., & Pham, M.T. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.91
• Comfortability of the Object (COMFO)Melumad, S., & Meyer, R. · 2020 · 5 items · α 0.86–0.94
• Commitment to the Relationship (Two Individuals) (CTTR)Dahl, D. W., & Vohs, K. D. · 2009 · 3 items · α .84
• Communal Motive Attributions (CMA)Gershon, R., & Cryder, C. · 2018 · 5 items · α .78–.88 (varied by study)
• Communal Norms SalienceMalika, M., Maheswaran, D., & Jain, S. P. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.75 (Study 4); 0.86 (pretest)
• Communal Norms ViolationMalika, M., Maheswaran, D., & Jain, S. P. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.93 (main study); 0.94 (pretest)
• Communal Orientation of the Organization (COOR)Aggarwal, P. · 2004 · 4 items · α 0.85
• Communicative Efficacy of the App (CEFA)Grewal, L., Stephen, A.T., & Coleman, N.V. · 2019 · 4 items · α 0.95
• Company Cost-Cutting Effects on CustomersCastelo, N., Boegershausen, J., Hildebrand, C., & Henkel, A. P. · 2023 · 3 items · α 0.85 to 0.91 across four studies
• Company Product Quality Perception (CPQP)Habel, J., Schons, L.M., Alavi, S., & Wieseke, J. · 2016 · 3 items · α .886
• Company Ratings Typicality (CRT)Yang, L. W., & Aggarwal, P. · 2019 · 3 items · α .90
• Company Switching Willingness (CSW)Martin, K.D., Borah, A., & Palmatier, R.W. · 2017 · 3 items · α .95–.96
• Comparative Object Valuation (COV)Smith, R.K., Newman, G.E., & Dhar, R. · 2016 · 4 items · α .92
• Competence (COM)Deci, E. L. · 2000 · 5 items · α .83
• Competence of the Brand Owner(s)Khamitov, M., & Puzakova, M. · 2022 · 4 items · α 0.92
• Competence of the ObjectMelzner, J., & Raghubir, P. · 2023 · 4 items · α 0.81 to 0.93 across four studies
• Competitive Intensity of the Task (COIT)Koo, M., & Fishbach, A. · 2010 · 3 items · α 0.94
• Complaint Likelihood (General) (COML)Bodey, K., & Grace, D. · 2007 · 7 items · α 0.85
• Complementarity of Product Forms (COPF)Koukova, N. T., & Ratchford, B. T. · 2008 · 4 items · α .82
• Complexity of Calculation Task (CXCL)van Ittersum, K., Pennings, J.M.E., & Wansink, B. · 2010 · 3 items · α 0.87–0.93
• Complexity of the Product (COTP)Rijsdijk, S. A., & Diamantopoulos, A. · 2007 · 4 items · α .82
• Comprehensiveness of the InformationHoffmann, S., Joerß, T., Mai, R., & Akbar, P. · 2022 · 4 items · α 0.91 to 0.94 across three studies
• Compulsive Buying Tendency (CBT)d'Astous, A., Maltais, J., & Roberge, C. · 1990 · 11 items · α .84
• Concept of Creativity (Task Generated)Xu, L., Mehta, R., & Dahl, D. W. · 2022 · 5 items · α 0.97
• Confidence (General) (CONF)Briñol, P., Petty, R.E., & Tormala, Z.L. · 2004 · 4 items · α 0.80–0.97
• Confidence in the Company (COFC)Adjei, M.T., Noble, S.M., & Noble, C.H. · 2010 · 3 items · α 0.95
• Conformity Motivation (Opinions)Tsai, C. I., Zhao, M., & Soman, D. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.89 (Study 4 pretest); 0.91 (Study 5 pretest)
• Congruence (Self with Ad) (CSAD)Hess, N.J., et al. · 2020 · 5 items · α 0.85
• Congruence (Self with Message) (CSMG)Styvén, M.E., Mariani, M., & Strandberg, C. · 2020 · 5 items · α 0.946
• Connectedness (General Social) (CGS)Lee, R.M., & Robbins, S.B. · 1995 · 8 items · α 0.93
• Connectedness to the Possession (CNPO)Dunn, L., White, K., & Dahl, D.W. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.95
• Connectedness with an Individual (CWI)Jiang, L., Hoegg, J., Dahl, D.W., & Chattopadhyay, A. · 2010 · 6 items · α 0.88
• Connection to Prior Owners of the Product (CPOP)Huang, F., & Fishbach, A. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.83
• Connection with the IndividualYin, B., & Li, Y. J. · 2023 · 4 items · α 0.90
• Connection with the Product CreatorsFuchs, C., Kaiser, U., Schreier, M., & van Osselaer, S. M. J. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.96
• Conscientiousness (CONS)Saucier, G. · 1994 · 8 items · α 0.80–0.88
• Consumer Brand Hostility (CBH)Kähr, A., Nyffenegger, B., Krohmer, H., & Hoyer, W.D. · 2016 · 5 items · α .86
• Consumer Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CCF-Scale)Benninger, N. & Roosen, J. · 2024 · 14 items · α Coping .80 / Perspective .72* / Alignment .86
• Consumer Disidentification Scale (CDIS)Josiassen, A. · 2011 · 6 items · α 0.81
• Consumer Escapism Scale (CES)Orazi, D.C., Mah, K.Y., Derksen, T. and Murray, K.B. · 2023 · 9 items · α 0.74-0.95 across four validation studies (see notes for per-study breakdown)
• Consumer Marketplace Bargaining Confidence (CMBC)Bearden, W. O., Hardesty, D. M., & Rose, R. L. · 2001 · 6 items · α .83
• Consumer Perceptions of Sales Pressure Scale (POSP)Zboja, J.J., Clark, R.A., & Haytko, D.L. · 2016 · 7 items · α .86 / .90 (CR, aggressive / directive)
• Consumer Powerlessness Toward Brand (CPB)Kähr, A., Nyffenegger, B., Krohmer, H., & Hoyer, W.D. · 2016 · 4 items · α .94
• Consumer Racism Scale (CRS)Ouellet, J.-F. · 2007 · 9 items · α 0.81
• Consumer Sentiment toward Offshored Services Scale (OFFSERVSENT)Thelen, S.T., Yoo, B., & Magnini, V.P. · 2011 · 26 items · α CR .89–.95 (5 dims; all above threshold)
• Consumer Spending Autonomy (CSA)Olson, J. G., McFerran, B., Morales, A. C., & Dahl, D. W. · 2016 · 3 items · α .92
• Consumer Susceptibility to Interpersonal Influence (CSII)Bearden, W. O., Netemeyer, R. G., & Teel, J. E. · 1989 · 12 items · α .93
• Consumption Affect (CAFF)Yamim, A.P., Mai, R., & Werle, C.O.C. · 2020 · 6 items · α 0.92
• Consumption Assortment Aesthetic Evaluation (CAAE)Kahn, B. E., & Wansink, B. · 2004 · 3 items · α .93
• Consumption ImageryFritz, W., Hadi, R., & Stephen, A. · 2023 · 6 items · α 0.89 (Study 3); 0.91 (Study 4)
• Consumption Occasion Hedonic-Utilitarian (COHU)Wakefield, K. L., & Inman, J. J. · 2003 · 3 items · α .80
• Contact Frequency Irritation (CFI)Micheaux, A.L. · 2011 · 3 items · α 0.82
• Contentment (Financial) (CON)Sheldon, K. M., & Kasser, T. · 2001 · 3 items · α .91
• Continuous Improvement Products (CIPR)Cho, H., & Schwarz, N. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.81
• Control of the Brand (Owners)Khamitov, M., & Puzakova, M. · 2022 · 4 items · α 0.90 to 0.93 across three administrations
• Control Over Outcomes (CTOU)Galoni, C., Carpenter, G.S., & Rao, H. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.90
• Control Over Shopping Decisions (CTSD)Grewal, D., et al. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.85
• Convenience of Gathering Information for the Purchase Decision ObjectHarz, N., Hohenberg, S., & Homburg, C. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.88 (composite reliability)
• Conversational Value of a Purchase or Experience (CVE)Bastos, W. & Brucks, M. · 2017 · 5 items · α 0.946–0.956
• Coordination of the TeamKhan, U., & Kalra, A. · 2022 · 4 items · α 0.89
• Coping Strategy (Action) (COPACT)Duhachek, A. · 2005 · 7 items · α .87
• Coping Strategy (Avoidance) (COPAVD)Duhachek, A. · 2005 · 4 items · α .83
• Coping Strategy (Emotional Support) (COPES)Duhachek, A. · 2005 · 4 items · α .83
• Coping Strategy (Instrumental Support) (COPIS)Duhachek, A. · 2005 · 3 items · α .84
• Coping Strategy (Positive Thinking) (COPPT)Duhachek, A. · 2005 · 4 items · α .85
• Coping Strategy (Rational Thinking) (COPRT)Duhachek, A. · 2005 · 5 items · α .81
• Corporate Social Responsibility (Generosity) (CSR)Bower, A. B., & Grau, L. · 2009 · 3 items · α .88
• Cosmopolitanism (Consumption Transcending Borders)Bartsch, F., Zeugner-Roth, K. P., & Katsikeas, C. · 2022 · 4 items · α 0.84 (Bartsch, Zeugner-Roth, and Katsikeas 2022); 0.84 (Nie et al. 2022)
• Cosmopolitanism (Diversity Appreciation)Bartsch, F., Zeugner-Roth, K. P., & Katsikeas, C. · 2022 · 4 items · α 0.84 (Bartsch, Zeugner-Roth, and Katsikeas 2022); 0.91 (Nie et al. 2022)
• Cosmopolitanism (Open-Mindedness)Bartsch, F., Zeugner-Roth, K. P., & Katsikeas, C. · 2022 · 4 items · α 0.92 (both Bartsch, Zeugner-Roth, and Katsikeas 2022, and Nie et al. 2022)
• Costliness of the Company's CrisisAntonetti, P., & Baghi, I. · 2023 · 4 items · α 0.92 (Study 2); 0.82 (Study 3); 0.82 (Study 4)
• Coupon Sharing (Conflict)Fang, E., Dong, B., Zhuang, M., & Cai, F. · 2023 · 8 items · α 0.963
• Coupon Sharing (Social Goal)Fang, E., Dong, B., Zhuang, M., & Cai, F. · 2023 · 3 items · α 0.873
• Course MotivationMoorhouse, M., Goode, M., Cotte, J., & Widney, J. · 2023 · 3 items · α 0.94
• Creative Task Competence (CTC)Dahl, D. W., & Moreau, C. P. · 2007 · 4 items · α .94
• Creative Task Competence (Charity Context)Xu, L., Mehta, R., & Dahl, D. W. · 2022 · 4 items · α 0.93
• Creativity (CRTV)Hoffman, D.L., Kopalle, P.K., & Novak, T.P. · 2010 · 3 items · α 0.94
• Creeped OutGarvey, A. M., Kim, T., & Duhachek, A. · 2023 · 3 items · α 0.91 (Study 2); 0.89 (Study 3b pretest); 0.94 (supplemental study)
• Cross-Buying LikelihoodBurchett, M. R., Murtha, B., & Kohli, A. K. · 2023 · 3 items · α 0.97 (both Studies 3a and 3b)
• Cross-Website Tracking Ad Targeting Acceptance (CWTAT)Kim, T., Barasz, K., & John, L. K. · 2019 · 5 items · α .86 or higher (individual alpha not reported)
• CSR Motive Attributions (Egoistic) (CSRME)Sipilä, J., et al. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.88
• Customer Control Over Personal Data Scale (CCPD)Martin, K.D., Borah, A., & Palmatier, R.W. · 2017 · 4 items · α CR = .96; AVE = .87
• Customer Data Falsification Intentions Scale (CDFI)Martin, K.D., Borah, A., & Palmatier, R.W. · 2017 · 3 items · α CR = .96; AVE = .88–.89
• Customer Data Vulnerability Scale (CDVS)Martin, K.D., Borah, A., & Palmatier, R.W. · 2017 · 5 items · α CR = .97–.99; AVE = .84–.91
• Customer Experience Quality (Affective)Liu-Thompkins, Y., Okazaki, S., & Li, H. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.85
• Customer Inspiration – Activation (Inspired By) (CIA)Böttger, T., Rudolph, T., Evanschitzky, H., & Pfrang, T. · 2017 · 5 items · α 0.87–0.92
• Customer Inspiration – Purchase Intention (Inspired To) (CII)Böttger, T., Rudolph, T., Evanschitzky, H., & Pfrang, T. · 2017 · 5 items · α 0.92–0.98
• Customer Journey Effectiveness (CJE)Kuehnl, C., Jozic, D., & Homburg, C. · 2019 · 4 items · α .92
• Customer Journey: Touchpoint Consistency (CJD-CON)Kuehnl, C., Jozic, D., & Homburg, C. · 2019 · 4 items · α .90–.91 (varied by country)
• Customer Journey: Touchpoint Context Sensitivity (CJD-CS)Kuehnl, C., Jozic, D., & Homburg, C. · 2019 · 4 items · α .89 (both U.S. and Europe)
• Customer Journey: Touchpoint Thematic Cohesion (CJD-TC)Kuehnl, C., Jozic, D., & Homburg, C. · 2019 · 4 items · α .88–.89 (varied by country)
• Customer Orientation of the Company (COOC)Dahl, D.W., Fuchs, C., & Schreier, M. · 2015 · 6 items · α 0.93
• Customer Participation Formalization (CPF)Auh, S., Menguc, B., Katsikeas, C. S., & Jung, Y. S. · 2019 · 3 items · α .88–.91 (varied by study)
• Customer Special Treatment Entitlement Scale (CSTE)Reczek, R. W., Haws, K. L., & Summers, C. A. · 2014 · 4 items · α 0.92
• Customers' Experienced Product Quality (CEPQ)Das Guru, R.R. and Paulssen, M. · 2020 · 24 items · α CR 0.90-0.96 across all 8 first-order dimensions and 4 product categories (cars, dishwashers, headphones, tablet computers). The composite CEPQ score itself has no single reliability coefficient, as it is modelled as a formative index.

D

• Data Management Fairness Scale (DMFS)Martin, K.D., Borah, A., & Palmatier, R.W. · 2017 · 4 items · α CR = .97; AVE = .89
• Data Privacy Fairness (DPF)Martin, K.D., Borah, A., & Palmatier, R.W. · 2017 · 4 items · α .97 (construct reliability)
• Data Privacy Trust (DPT)Martin, K.D., Borah, A., & Palmatier, R.W. · 2017 · 4 items · α .96–.98 (construct reliability)
• Data Privacy Vulnerability (DPV)Martin, K.D., Borah, A., & Palmatier, R.W. · 2017 · 5 items · α .95–.99 (construct reliability)
• Data Use Transparency Scale (DUTS)Martin, K.D., Borah, A., & Palmatier, R.W. · 2017 · 4 items · α CR = .98; AVE = .91
• Death Anxiety (DA)Huang, Z., Huang, X., & Jiang, Y. · 2018 · 6 items · α .98
• Debt SecrecyMoorhouse, M., Goode, M., Cotte, J., & Widney, J. · 2023 · 5 items · α 0.84 (Study 1)
• Decision Autonomy While Being Observed (DAWO)Zwebner, Y., & Schrift, R.Y. · 2020 · 7 items · α 0.88–0.92
• Decision DifficultyReiff, J., Dai, H., Beshears, J., Milkman, K. L., & Benartzi, S. · 2023 · 4 items · α 0.85
• Decision Elaboration (DCEL)Rahinel, R., Otto, A.S., Grossman, D.M., & Clarkson, J.J. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.85–0.86
• Decision Readiness (DCRD)Rahinel, R., Otto, A.S., Grossman, D.M., & Clarkson, J.J. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.82–0.84
• Decision Regret (DR)Parker, J.R., Lehmann, D.R., & Xie, Y. · 2016 · 3 items · α .86
• Decision Uncertainty (DCUN)O'Connor, A.M. · 1995 · 3 items · α 0.87
• Decision-Making Style (DCMS)Desmichel, P., & Kocher, B. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.90
• Dehumanization (DHUM)Haslam, N. · 2006 · 7 items · α 0.84–0.95
• Dehumanization of the EmployeeSun, Y., Wang, X., Hoegg, J., & Dahl, D. W. · 2023 · 4 items · α 0.79 to 0.92 across studies
• Depletion of Mental EnergyAhlbom, C.-P., Roggeveen, A. L., Grewal, D., & Nordfält, J. · 2023 · 4 items · α 0.96
• Design Ability (DSAB)Moreau, C.P., Bonney, L., & Herd, K.B. · 2011 · 4 items · α 0.89–0.91
• Design Divergence Scale (DDVG)Warren, C., & Campbell, M. C. · 2014 · 3 items · α 0.94
• Desirability of Control (Brief) (DC-B)Consiglio, I., De Angelis, M., & Costabile, M. · 2018 · 3 items · α .76
• Desirability of the Food (DSFD)Fedorikhin, A., & Patrick, V.M. · 2010 · 4 items · α 0.90–0.92
• Desirability of the Food (Motivation to Eat)Fritz, W., Hadi, R., & Stephen, A. · 2023 · 3 items · α 0.89 (Study 3)
• Desire for Abundance (DSAB)Park, H., Lalwani, A.K., & Silvera, D.H. · 2020 · 5 items · α 0.94–0.95
• Desire for Autonomy (DFA)Rudd, M., Hildebrand, C., & Vohs, K. D. · 2018 · 4 items · α .88
• Desire for Competence (DFC)Rudd, M., Hildebrand, C., & Vohs, K. D. · 2018 · 4 items · α .96
• Desire for Consensus (DSCO)Beck, J.T., Rahinel, R., & Bleier, A. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.86
• Desire for Precise Product Information (DPPI)Lembregts, C., & Pandelaere, M. · 2019 · 3 items · α .91
• Desire for RevengeLi, Y., & Fumagalli, E. · 2022 · 13 items · α 0.88–0.95 (Studies 1b, 1c, 2, 3, and web appendix study)
• Desire for Rewards (DFR)Wiggin, K. L., Reimann, M., & Jain, S. P. · 2019 · 10 items · α .90–.95 (varied by study)
• Desire for Status Among Brand Users (DSBU)Wang, Y., & John, D. R. · 2019 · 3 items · α .89–.90 (varied by study)
• Desire for Status Scale (DFS-D)Dahling, J. J., Whitaker, B. G., & Levy, P. E. · 2009 · 3 items · α 0.88
• Desire to Create by Hand (DCBH)Rudd, M., Hildebrand, C., & Vohs, K. D. · 2018 · 7 items · α .92–.95 (varied by experiment)
• Desire to Vent About the Company (DVCO)Hydock, C., Chen, Z., & Carlson, K. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.93
• Dialectical Thinking (DIALT)Spencer-Rodgers, J., et al. · 2015 · 4 items · α 0.85
• Difficulty of the Construction (DIFCON)Keh, H.T., Wang, D., & Yan, L. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.94
• Difficulty of the Task (DFTK)Argo, J.J., Popa, M., & Smith, M.C. · 2010 · 3 items · α 0.85
• Digestion Capability (DGCP)Weihrauch, A., & Huang, S.C. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.85
• Disadvantaged Company (DISADV)Siemens, J.C., et al. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.804–0.923
• Discomfort (Psychological) (PSDC)Elliot, A.J., & Devine, P.G. · 1994 · 3 items · α 0.85–0.94
• Disconfirmation (Movie) (DIS)Patrick, V. M. · 2007 · 8 items · α .95
• Disgust with the Person in the Ad (DGAD)Rößner, A., Gvili, Y., & Eisend, M. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.87
• Disidentification (National) (DISN)Verkuyten, M., & Yildiz, A.A. · 2007 · 5 items · α 0.87
• Domain-Specific Decision Avoidance (DSDA)Park, J. J., & Sela, A. · 2018 · 3 items · α .83–.96 (varied by domain)
• Domain-Specific Decision Confidence (DSDC)Park, J. J., & Sela, A. · 2018 · 4 items · α .87–.92 (varied by version)
• Donation Control (Time)Costello, J.P., & Malkoc, S.A. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.92–0.94 (Studies 1, 2A, 2B, 5)
• Donation EfficacyXu, L., Mehta, R., & Dahl, D.W. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.93 (Study 4)
• Donation Likelihood (DONL)Dunn, L., White, K., & Dahl, D.W. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.88–0.97
• Donation Request (Identifiable Victim Frame) (DRIV)Van Esch, P., Cui, Y.G., & Jain, S.P. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.82
• Donation Reward Attractiveness (DRWA)Fan, T., Gao, L., & Steinhart, Y. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.91–0.92

E

• Ease of the Action (EACT)Maille, V., Morrin, M., & Reynolds-McIlnay, R. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.91–0.94
• Effectiveness of Disease Detection (EFDD)Cox, A.D., Cox, D., & Mantel, S.P. · 2010 · 3 items · α 0.83
• Efficacy (Recycling) (EFRC)White, K., MacDonnell, R., & Dahl, D.W. · 2011 · 3 items · α 0.84
• Efficacy of Another Person (EOAP)Bolton, L. E., & Armstrong, K. · 2008 · 6 items · α .93
• Efficacy of the Energy Drink (EFED)Keh, H.T., Wang, D., & Yan, L. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.93
• Efficacy of the Household Cleaner (EFHC)Keh, H.T., Wang, D., & Yan, L. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.93
• Emergent Nature (EMRN)Hoffman, D.L., Kopalle, P.K., & Novak, T.P. · 2010 · 8 items · α 0.93
• Emotional Ability Similarity (EMAS)Du, S., & Hu, L. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.95
• Emotional Brand Attachment (Huang et al.) (EBA-H)Huang, X., Huang, Z., & Wyer, R. S. · 2018 · 3 items · α .88–.95 (varied by study)
• Emotional Contagion Susceptibility (ECS)Du, J., Fan, X., & Feng, T. · 2011 · 8 items · α 0.84
• Emotional Intolerance (EMIT)Mick, D.G., & Fournier, S. · 1998 · 3 items · α 0.87
• Emotional Violation (Data Context) Scale (EVD)Martin, K.D., Borah, A., & Palmatier, R.W. · 2017 · 4 items · α CR = .98; AVE = .91
• Empathy for the Business (EMPB)Block, J., Keller, P.A., Nakamoto, K., & Williams, P. · 2012 · 3 items · α 0.97
• Employment Intention (EI)Sen, S., Bhattacharya, C. B., & Korschun, D. · 2006 · 4 items · α .89
• Encouragement Felt After Making the Decision (ENCD)Shang, J., Reed, A., Sargeant, A., & Carpenter, K. · 2020 · 8 items · α 0.81
• Endorser Similarity (ES)Feick, L., & Higie, R. A. · 1992 · 3 items · α .88
• Energetic Activation (EA)Izadi, A., Rudd, M., & Patrick, V. M. · 2019 · 4 items · α .87
• Energy Inference (ENINF)Keh, H.T., Wang, D., & Yan, L. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.91
• Engagement (General – Immersion)Petit, O., Javornik, A., & Velasco, C. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.809–0.86 (Studies 1, 2, 3)
• Engagement (Hedonic)Oh, T.T., & Pham, M.T. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.86 (Study 2)
• Engagement in the Experience (ENEX)Garbinsky, E.N., & Klesse, A.K. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.89
• Engagement with the ProductPizzutti, C., Gonçalves, R., & Ferreira, M. · 2022 · 9 items · α 0.92
• Engagement with the VideoLieberman, A., Morales, A.C., & Amir, O. · 2022 · 5 items · α 0.85 (Experiment 1 pretest, 5-item version); 0.83 (Experiment 2 pretest, 3-item version); 0.90 (Experiment 5 pretest, 3-item version)
• Enjoyment of Looking at the Pictures (ENLP)Garbinsky, E.N., & Klesse, A.K. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.92–0.97
• Enjoyment of the Meal (ENJM)Raghunathan, R., Naylor, R.W., & Hoyer, W.D. · 2006 · 3 items · α 0.92–0.95
• Enrollment Likelihood (ENRL)Harmeling, C.M., Mende, M., Scott, M.L., & Palmatier, R.W. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.95
• Entitlement (ENTL)Campbell, W.K., Bonacci, A.M., Shelton, J., Exline, J.J., & et al. · 2004 · 9 items · α 0.87–0.91
• Environmental Vulnerability Perception (EVP)Rahinel, R., & Nelson, N.M. · 2016 · 5 items · α .91
• Ethnicity of the Person in the Ad (ETPAD)Rößner, A., Gvili, Y., & Eisend, M. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.93
• Exchange Inequity (Positive) (EXIP)Brady, M.K., Voorhees, C.M., Cronin, J.J., & Bourdeau, B.L. · 2006 · 3 items · α 0.87
• Exchange Orientation of the Organization (EXOR)Aggarwal, P. · 2004 · 6 items · α 0.94
• Expectation Disconfirmation (DISCONF)Oliver, R. L. · 1980 · 3 items · α .84
• Expected Apparel Quality Scale (QJN)Newman, G.E., & Dhar, R. · 2014 · 4 items · α 0.98
• Experience Self-Definition Scale (EXPSELF)Bhattacharjee, A., & Mogilner, C. · 2014 · 3 items · α 0.85
• Expertise (General) (EXPGEN)Mishra, S., Umesh, U. N., & Stem, D. E. · 1993 · 4 items · α .90
• Expertise (Personal) (EXPPERS)Thompson, D. V., Hamilton, R. W., & Rust, R. T. · 2005 · 5 items · α .89
• Exploratory Consumption (Healthy Snack)Kovacheva, A., Nikolova, H., & Lamberton, C. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.92

F

• Fairness (FAI)Campbell, M. C. · 2007 · 3 items · α .90
• Family Brand Attitude (FBA)Zheng, X., Baskin, E., & Dhar, R. · 2019 · 4 items · α .89
• Fashion Consciousness (FASH)Moreau, C.P., et al. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.82–0.92
• Fear of Pharmaceutical Side-Effects (FPSE)Wong, N., Su, L., & Lam, M.H.B. · 2020 · 5 items · α 0.97
• Felt Inspiration (State) (FIS)Thrash, T.M., & Elliot, A.J.; used by Böttger, T., Rudolph, T., et al. · 2017 · 4 items · α .98
• Felt Power (State) (FPS)Dubois, D., Rucker, D.D., & Galinsky, A.D. · 2016 · 3 items · α .89–.92
• Felt Social Exclusion (FSE)Su, L., Jiang, Y., Chen, Z., & Dewall, C. N. · 2017 · 3 items · α .95
• Financial Planner Beliefs (FPB)Biehal, G. J., & Sheinin, D. A. · 2007 · 4 items · α .89
• Financial Status (FS)Argo, J. J., & Main, K. J. · 2008 · 3 items · α .84
• Focal Attention to a Person or Object (FAPO)Wan, L. C., & Wyer, R. S. · 2019 · 3 items · α .89 or higher
• Food Care During Production (Human)Suher, J., Szocs, C., & van Ittersum, K. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.86-0.89
• Food Care During Production (Machine)Suher, J., Szocs, C., & van Ittersum, K. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.75-0.89
• Food Consumption Affect (FCA)Kahn, B. E., & Wansink, B. · 2004 · 3 items · α .84
• Food Consumption EnjoymentMonnier, A. & Thomas, M. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.97
• Food for PerformanceCornil, Y., Gomez, P., & Vasiljevic, D. · 2020 · 7 items · α 0.83-0.84
• Food Portion Sensory Pleasure Expectation (FPSPE)Cornil, Y. & Chandon, P. · 2016 · 3 items · α .89
• Food Preparation DifficultyYamim, A.P., Mai, R., & Werle, C.O.C. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.91
• Food Product Quality Evaluation (FPQE)White, K., Lin, L., Dahl, D.W., & Ritchie, R.J.B. · 2016 · 5 items · α .94
• Food Taste Evaluation Scale (FTES)Wyllie, J., Baxter, S., & Kulczynski, A. · 2015 · 4 items · α 0.903
• Freshness of the Cooked FoodYamim, A.P., Mai, R., & Werle, C.O.C. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.89
• Friend’s Expected Attitude About Being Referred (Positive)Gershon, R., Cryder, C., & John, L.K. · 2020 · 9 items · α 0.96-0.97
• Future Brand Loyalty Intention (FBLI)Kuehn, C., Jozic, D., & Homburg, C. · 2019 · 5 items · α .93
• Future Idea Submission Intentions (FISI)Fombelle, P.W., Bone, S.A., & Lemon, K.N. · 2016 · 3 items · α .97–.99

G

• General Belief in Luck (GBL)Laporte, S., & Briers, B. · 2019 · 4 items · α .93
• General Competence Perception (GCP)Gershon, R., & Cryder, C. · 2018 · 6 items · α .93–.94 (6-item); .90 (3-item version, Warren & Mohr 2019)
• General Engagement Scale (GEN-E)Cian, L., Krishna, A., & Elder, R. S. · 2015 · 4 items · α 0.86
• General Object Preference (GOP)Yi, Y., & Jeon, H. · 2003 · 4 items · α .89
• General Perceived Appropriateness (GPA)Li, X., Chan, K. W., & Kim, S. · 2019 · 4 items · α .96
• General Shopping Involvement (GSI)Albrecht, C.M., Hattula, S., & Lehmann, D.R. · 2017 · 4 items · α .90–.92
• Greenwashing Ad Perception (GAP)Schmuck, D., Matthes, J., & Naderer, B. · 2018 · 7 items · α .95

H

• Habitual Product Usage Automaticity (HPUA)Labrecque, J.S., Wood, W., Neal, D.T., & Harrington, N. · 2017 · 4 items · α .90–.95
• Haptic Imagery Vividness (Product-related)Ringler, C., Sirianni, N.J., & Christenson, B. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.89
• Harmfulness of the Reported IssueXu, H., Bolton, L.E., & Winterich, K.P. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.80-0.92
• Healthiness of the FoodYamim, A.P., Mai, R., & Werle, C.O.C. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.94
• Healthiness of the FoodHagen, L. · 2021 · 5 items · α 0.79-0.91
• Hedonic Product Pleasurability (HPP)Shiv, B., & Nowlis, S. M. · 2004 · 3 items · α .96
• High-Technology Product Attitude (HTPA)Tybout, A. M., Sternthal, B., Malaviya, P., Bakamitsos, G. A., & et al. · 2005 · 13 items · α .97
• Horizontal Individualism (HI)Triandis, H. C., & Gelfand, M. J. · 1998 · 4 items · α .79–.83 (Kitirattarkarn et al. 2019, across four countries)
• Humanlikeness of the ObjectGarvey, A.M., Kim, T., & Duhachek, A. · 2023 · 3 items · α 0.86-0.90

I

• Iconic Authenticity SeekingBartsch, F., Zeugner-Roth, K. P., & Katsikeas, C. · 2022 · 4 items · α 0.78 (S1); 0.91 (S2); 0.89 (S5); 0.82 (S6)
• Iconicity with Fiction (ICONFIC)Grayson, K., & Martinec, R. · 2004 · 3 items · α .90
• Iconicity with History (ICONHIS)Grayson, K., & Martinec, R. · 2004 · 3 items · α .87
• Iconicity with Old Things (ICONOLD)Grayson, K., & Martinec, R. · 2004 · 3 items · α .93
• Identification with the TaskSmith, L.W., Rose, R.L., Zablah, A.R., McCullough, H., & et al. · 2023 · 4 items · α 0.90
• Imagery About EatingGarbinsky, E.N., & Klesse, A. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.85-0.94
• Imagery VividnessMead, J.A., Richerson, R., & Li, W. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.94-0.95
• Immediate Task Enjoyment (ITE)Woolley, K., & Fishbach, A. · 2016 · 3 items · α .93
• Impression Management of the SalespersonBurchett, M.R., Murtha, B., & Kohli, A.K. · 2023 · 4 items · α 0.86
• Impulse Buying (IB)Monroe, K. B. · 2009 · 3 items · α .80
• Impulsive Eating (IE)Kidwell, B., Hardesty, D. M., & Childers, T. L. · 2008 · 9 items · α .86
• Impulsivity (IMP)Mukhopadhyay, A. J., & Ramanathan, S. · 2008 · 3 items · α .84
• In-Store Choice Overload (ISCO)Albrecht, C.M., Hattula, S., & Lehmann, D.R. · 2017 · 3 items · α .93–.97
• In-Store Purchase Abandonment (ISPA)Esmark, C.L., Noble, S.M., & Breazeale, M.J. · 2017 · 6 items · α .94–.97
• In-Store Shopping Stress (ISS)Albrecht, C.-M., Hattula, S., & Lehmann, D. R. · 2017 · 5 items · α .90
• In-Store Technology Value Perception (ISTVP)Inman, J.J., & Nikolova, H. · 2017 · 3 items · α .95
• In-Store Wait Time Perception (ISWTP)Albrecht, C.M., Hattula, S., & Lehmann, D.R. · 2017 · 3 items · α .96–.98
• Inauthenticity of Product ConsumptionGoor, D., Ordabayeva, N., Keinan, A., & Crener, S. · 2020 · 5 items · α 0.78-0.94
• Indexical Authenticity Evidence (IAE)Grayson, K., & Martinec, R. · 2004 · 3 items · α .93
• Indexicality (Actual Contact) (IDXACT)Grayson, K., & Martinec, R. · 2004 · 3 items · α .96
• Indexicality (Hypothetical Contact) (IDXHYP)Grayson, K., & Martinec, R. · 2004 · 3 items · α .91
• Indexicality (Telepresence) (IDXTELEP)Grayson, K., & Martinec, R. · 2004 · 3 items · α .93
• Indexicality with Era (IDXERA)Grayson, K., & Martinec, R. · 2004 · 3 items · α .93
• Inferred Personal Information Ad Targeting Acceptance (IPIAT)Kim, T., Barasz, K., & John, L. K. · 2019 · 6 items · α .86 or higher (individual alpha not reported)
• Innovativeness (Product Trial) (INNOPROD)Steenkamp, J. B. E. M., & Gielens, K. · 2003 · 8 items · α .87
• Innovativeness (Use) (INNOUSE)Shih, C. F., & Venkatesh, A. · 2004 · 5 items · α .81
• Inspiration-Driven Shopping Orientation (IDSO)Böttger, T., Rudolph, T., Evanschitzky, H., & Pfrang, T. · 2017 · 3 items · α .93
• Interdependence (Collective) (INT)Cross, S. E., & Morris, M. L. · 2000 · 9 items · α .91
• Interdependence (Relative) (INT)Cross, S. E., & Morris, M. L. · 2000 · 9 items · α .86
• Interest in the PerformerRifkin, J.R., Du, K.M., & Cutright, K.M. · 2023 · 4 items · α 0.93
• Interest in Watching the PerformanceRifkin, J.R., Du, K.M., & Cutright, K.M. · 2023 · 3 items · α 0.94 (Studies 4 and 5); 0.95 (supplemental study)
• Interpersonal Bonding Goals (IBG)Nikolova, H., Lamberton, C., & Coleman, N. V. · 2018 · 9 items · α .95
• Interpersonal Competitiveness (IC)Chan, E., & Briers, B. · 2019 · 8 items · α .85
• Interpersonal Tie Strength (ITS)Umashankar, N., Ward, M.K., & Dahl, D.W. · 2017 · 3 items · α .83–.94
• Involvement in the Message (Motivation) (IITM)Bower, A. B., & Grau, L. · 2009 · 3 items · α .88
• Involvement with Television Character (IWTC)Rubin, A. M., & Powell, R. · 1985 · 9 items · α .89
• Irritation (IRR)Fennis, B. M., & Bakker, A. B. · 2001 · 7 items · α .91

J

• Job Application Likelihood (JAL)Feldman, D. C., & Hardesty, D. M. · 2006 · 5 items · α .89

K

• Knowledge of the Product Class (KOTP)Coulter, R. A., & Micu, C. · 2005 · 4 items · α .86

L

• Language Proficiency (LP)Ahn, J. · 2008 · 3 items · α .82
• Locavore Scale (LOC)Reich, B.J., Beck, J.T., & Price, J. · 2018 · 11 items · α Lionization .87 / Opposition .80 / Communalization .86
• Long-Term Orientation (Tradition) (LTO)Bearden, W. O., & Nevins, J. L. · 2006 · 4 items · α .85

M

• Makeup Usage Motivation (Concealment)Smith, R.K., Vandellen, M.R., & Ton, L.A.N. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.96-0.97
• Makeup Usage Motivation (Creation)Smith, R.K., Vandellen, M.R., & Ton, L.A.N. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.91-0.94
• Market Dynamism Scale (MKDYN)Kim, J., & Lakshmanan, A. · 2015 · 4 items · α 0.92
• Meaningfulness of the Product ExperienceKim, A., Affonso, F.M., Laran, J., & Durante, K.M. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.91
• Memory Vividness of the EncounterHerhausen, D., Emrich, O., Grewal, D., Kipfelsberger, P., & et al. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.94
• Mental Simulation of Eating the FoodPetit, O., Javornik, A., & Velasco, C. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.89 (Study 1); 0.90 (Study 2); 0.88 (Study 3)
• Mental Visualization Fluency (MVF)Lee, H., Fujita, K., Deng, X., & Unnava, H.R. · 2017 · 3 items · α .86
• Momentary Loss of Personal Control (MLPC)Durante, K.M., & Laran, J. · 2016 · 3 items · α .94
• Motivated Consumer Innovativeness Scale (MCI)Vandecasteele, B., & Geuens, M. · 2010 · 20 items · α fMCI .91 / hMCI .93 / sMCI CR .91–.93 / cMCI .90
• Motivation to Avoid Food Waste Scale (MAFW)Ribbers, D., Geuens, M., Pandelaere, M., & van Herpen, E. · 2023 · 21 items · α Environmental .91 / Moral .81 / Financial .84 / Social .92
• Motivation to Search for Donatable Possessions (MSDP)Winterich, K.P., Reczek, R.W., & Irwin, J.R. · 2017 · 3 items · α .94
• Music Tempo PerceptionHamby, A., & Russell, C. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.94

N

• Naturalness of the FoodHagen, L. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.85-0.90
• Naturalness of the ObjectSzocs, C., Williamson, S., & Mills, A. · 2022 · 3 items · α ranged from 0.91 to 0.94 across Studies 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3, and 4 (Web Appendix C)
• Need for Social Status (NSS)Gao, H., Winterich, K.P., & Zhang, Y. · 2016 · 4 items · α .86
• Negative WOM Intentions (Data Context) Scale (NWOM-D)Martin, K.D., Borah, A., & Palmatier, R.W. · 2017 · 3 items · α CR = .97–.98; AVE = .92–.95
• NormalityLuangrath, A.W., Peck, J., & Gustafsson, A. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.97
• Novelty of the ProductSheehan, D., & Dommer, S.L. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.80-0.84

O

• Object Eeriness Perception (OEP)Mende, M., Scott, M. L., van Doorn, J., Grewal, D., & Shanks, I. · 2019 · 3 items · α .96
• Object Enjoyment Attitude (OBENJ)Nysveen, H., Pederson, P. E., & Thorbjørnsen, H. · 2005 · 4 items · α CR = 0.95
• Object Essence Perception (OEP)Smith, R.K., Newman, G.E., & Dhar, R. · 2016 · 3 items · α .90
• Object Familiarity (Oliver) (OBJFAMO)Oliver, R. L., & Bearden, W. O. · 1985 · 3 items · α .90
• Object Familiarity (Semantic Differential) (OBJFAMSD)Simonin, B. L. · 1999 · 3 items · α .95
• Object Scarcity Perception (OSP)Smith, R.K., Newman, G.E., & Dhar, R. · 2016 · 3 items · α .81
• Observer Blame Attribution (OBA)Wan, L. C., & Wyer, R. S. · 2019 · 3 items · α .90 or higher
• Online Community Connectedness (OCC)Hanson, S., Jiang, L., & Dahl, D. · 2019 · 3 items · α .91–.96 (3-item); r=.76 (2-item version)
• Online Community Participation Intentions (OCPI)Hanson, S., Jiang, L., & Dahl, D. · 2019 · 5 items · α .96–.98 (5-item version); .78 (3-item version)
• Optimistic (OPT)Castaño, R. M., & Sujan, H. · 2008 · 3 items · α .86

P

• Payment Level MotivationSantana, S., & Morwitz, V.G. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.86
• Perceived Brand Exclusivity (PBE)Wang, Y., & John, D. R. · 2019 · 4 items · α .91
• Perceived Brand Model Improvement (PBMI)Dagogo-Jack, S. W., & Forehand, M. R. · 2018 · 4 items · α .91
• Perceived Brand Similarity to Best AlternativeDavis, D. F. · 2023 · 3 items · α 0.861 (Study 4); 0.903 (Supplemental Study 5)
• Perceived Business Accommodation Willingness (PBAW)Jiang, Y., Gorn, G.J., Galli, M., & Chattopadhyay, A. · 2016 · 3 items · α .90
• Perceived Charitability (PC)Gershon, R., & Cryder, C. · 2018 · 5 items · α .86–.93 (varied by study)
• Perceived Co-Promoted Product Association (CPPA)Aydınoğlu, N. Z., & Krishna, A. · 2019 · 5 items · α .83–.89 (varied by study)
• Perceived Company Price-Value Ratio (CPVR)Habel, J., Schons, L.M., Alavi, S., & Wieseke, J. · 2016 · 3 items · α .913
• Perceived CSR Ability (PCSRA)Jin, L., & He, Y. · 2018 · 3 items · α .82
• Perceived Customer Unfriendliness Toward Staff (PCUTS)Albrecht, A.K., Walsh, G., Brach, S., Gremler, D.D., & van Herpen, E. · 2017 · 3 items · α .91
• Perceived Donor AgencyEsterzon, E., Lemmens, A., & Van den Bergh, B. · 2023 · 3 items · α 0.72-0.83
• Perceived Email Sender Identity (Peer vs. Expert) (ESID)Harmeling, C.M., Mende, M., Scott, M.L., & Palmatier, R.W. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.84
• Perceived Employee Morality (PEM)Dong, P., & Zhong, C.B. · 2017 · 4 items · α .98
• Perceived Food Quality Scale (PFOODQ)Alavi, S., Bornemann, T., & Wieseke, J. · 2015 · 3 items · α 0.90
• Perceived Food Safety Scale (PFOODSF)Berry, C., Mukherjee, A., Burton, S., & Howlett, E. · 2015 · 3 items · α 0.87
• Perceived High Company Communality (PHCC)Yang, L. W., & Aggarwal, P. · 2019 · 10 items · α .88–.94 (varied by version and study)
• Perceived Human Capital (PHC)Bellezza, S., Paharia, N., & Keinan, A. · 2017 · 3 items · α .80–.92
• Perceived Interpersonal Similarity (PIS)Packard, G., Gershoff, A. D., & Wooten, D. B. · 2016 · 3 items · α .97
• Perceived Low Company Communality (PLCCOM)Yang, L. W., & Aggarwal, P. · 2019 · 3 items · α .96
• Perceived Low Company Competence (PLCC)Yang, L. W., & Aggarwal, P. · 2019 · 3 items · α .93
• Perceived Object Desirability (POD)Eisend, M. · 2008 · 3 items · α .86–.96
• Perceived Object Playfulness (POP)Müller-Stewens, J., Schlager, T., Häubl, G., & Herrmann, A. · 2017 · 4 items · α .92
• Perceived Personal Resource Scarcity Scale (PRSC)Roux, C., Goldsmith, K., & Bonezzi, A. · 2015 · 4 items · α 0.89
• Perceived Personal SincerityRifkin, J. R., Du, K. M., & Cutright, K. M. · 2023 · 4 items · α 0.94 to 0.96 across studies
• Perceived Popularity and Demand of a Brand's ProductsNguyen, O. D. Y., Bucic, T., Ngo, L. V., & Oppewal, H. · 2023 · 4 items · α 0.91
• Perceived Producer AccountabilityFuchs, C., Kaiser, U., Schreier, M., & van Osselaer, S.M.J. · 2022 · 4 items · α 0.85
• Perceived Product Versatility (PPV)Wu, F., Samper, A., Morales, A.C., & Fitzsimons, G.J. · 2017 · 4 items · α .91
• Perceived Purchase Uniqueness (PPU)Bastos, W., & Brucks, M. · 2017 · 3 items · α .88
• Perceived Source Aggressiveness (PSA)Hughes, C., Swaminathan, V., & Brooks, G. · 2019 · 3 items · α .85
• Perceived Stimulus Abstractness (PSA)Aggarwal, P., & Law, S. · 2005 · 4 items · α .86
• Perceived Task Difficulty (PTD)Kaiser, U., Schreier, M., & Janiszewski, C. · 2017 · 3 items · α .82
• Performance Improvement Expectancy (PIE)Garvey, A.M., Germann, F., & Bolton, L.E. · 2016 · 3 items · α .96
• Performance Quality ExpectationsRifkin, J. R., Du, K. M., & Cutright, K. M. · 2023 · 3 items · α 0.88 (Study 4); 0.89 (Study 5); 0.91 (supplemental study, Web Appendix J)
• Permanent Patronage Abandonment Likelihood (PPAL)Kirk, C. P., Peck, J., & Swain, S. D. · 2018 · 3 items · α .88–.98 (varied by study and version)
• Person Admiration (PA)Warren, C., & Mohr, G. S. · 2019 · 3 items · α .96
• Person Humour Perception (PHP)Warren, C., & Mohr, G. S. · 2019 · 3 items · α .97
• Personal Authenticity SeekingBartsch, F., Zeugner-Roth, K. P., & Katsikeas, C. · 2022 · 4 items · α 0.84 (S1); 0.87 (S2); 0.86 (S5); 0.92 (S6)
• Personal Economic Optimism (PEO)Yoon, S., & Kim, H.C. (used); Tam, L., & Dholakia, U.M. (origin) · 2016 · 4 items · α .84 (Yoon & Kim 2016); .89 (Tam & Dholakia 2011)
• Physical Object Comfort Perception (POCP)Jiang, Y., Gorn, G.J., Galli, M., & Chattopadhyay, A. · 2016 · 3 items · α 0.91
• Physical Tangibility Perception (PTP)Laroche, M., Yang, Z., McDougall, G. H. G., & Bergeron, J. · 2005 · 3 items · α .94
• Positioning Clarity (PC)Simmons, C. J. · 2006 · 3 items · α .94
• Positive Affect While ShoppingAhlbom, C-P., Roggeveen, A.L., Grewal, D., & Nordfält, J. · 2023 · 5 items · α 0.74-0.94
• Preference Certainty (PC)Franke, N. P., & Steger, C. J. · 2009 · 4 items · α .83
• Preoccupation with the FoodRodas, M.A., & John, D.R. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.88-0.90
• Prestigiousness of the ObjectChu, X., Chang, C., & Lee, A.Y. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.88-0.92
• Prettiness (General)Hagen, L. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.93-0.99
• Price Format Comprehension (PFC)Wieseke, J., Kolberg, A., & Schons, L.M. · 2016 · 5 items · α .89–.92
• Price Premium Loyalty Intention (PPLI)Habel, J., Schons, L.M., Alavi, S., & Wieseke, J. · 2016 · 3 items · α .938
• Price-Based Sales Promotion Attitude (PBSPA)Garnefeld, I., Böhm, E., Klimke, L., & Oestreich, A. · 2018 · 3 items · α .87–.96 (composite reliability, varied by study)
• Privacy Concern Scale (Malhotra et al. 2004, 4-item adaptation) (PCS-4)Martin, K.D., Borah, A., & Palmatier, R.W. · 2017 · 4 items · α CR = .94; AVE = .80
• Privacy Concerns (Disclosure of Information Usage) (PC)Malhotra, N. K., & Agarwal, J. · 2004 · 4 items · α .90
• Privacy-Motivated Switching Behaviour Scale (PMSB)Martin, K.D., Borah, A., & Palmatier, R.W. · 2017 · 3 items · α CR = .95–.96; AVE = .85–.90
• Procrastination (Adult Inventory of Procrastination — AIP) (AIP)Ferrari, J. R. · 1995 · 14 items · α .86
• Product Aesthetic Design Appeal (PADA)Kaiser, U., Schreier, M., & Janiszewski, C. · 2017 · 3 items · α .91
• Product As an Undue PrivilegeGoor, D., Ordabayeva, N., Keinan, A., & Crener, S. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.75-0.85
• Product Category Purchase Pleasure Scale (IPCP)Habel, J., & Klarmann, M. · 2015 · 3 items · α 0.94
• Product Compatibility (PCOMP)Meuter, M. L., Bitner, M. J., Ostrom, A. L., & Brown, S. W. · 2005 · 3 items · α .95
• Product Complementarity (PCOMPLEM)Ruth, J. A., & Simonin, B. L. · 2003 · 3 items · α .96
• Product Design - Aesthetic Scale (PDAS)Homburg, C., Schwemmle, M., & Kuehnl, C. · 2015 · 3 items · α CR = 0.92
• Product Design - Functional Scale (PDFS)Homburg, C., Schwemmle, M., & Kuehnl, C. · 2015 · 3 items · α CR = 0.95
• Product Design Scale (PDS)Homburg, C., Schwemmle, M., & Kuehnl, C. · 2015 · 9 items · α CR = .92 (Aesthetics), .95 (Functionality), .93 (Symbolism)
• Product Healthiness Attitude (PHA)Shiv, B., & Nowlis, S. M. · 2004 · 3 items · α .97
• Product Heaviness DesiredSharma, N., & Romero, M. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.94-0.97
• Product HeterogeneityAlavi, S., Habel, J., Schwenke, M., & Schmitz, C. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.70-0.91
• Product In-use ValueSheehan, D., & Dommer, S.L. · 2020 · 7 items · α 0.83-0.93
• Product Intelligence (Ability to Cooperate) (PI)Rijsdijk, S. A., & Diamantopoulos, A. · 2007 · 4 items · α .88
• Product Intelligence (Human-like Interaction) (PI)Rijsdijk, S. A., & Diamantopoulos, A. · 2007 · 5 items · α .85
• Product Knowledge-Organisation Function (PKOF)Grewal, R., Mehta, R., & Kardes, F. R. · 2004 · 7 items · α CR = 0.98
• Product Necessity-Luxury Classification (PNLC)Bearden, W. O., & Etzel, M. J. · 1982 · 6 items · α CR = 0.99
• Product Preference (Global/Local Version) (PP)Zhang, Y., & Khare, A. · 2009 · 4 items · α .89
• Product Public-Private Consumption Classification (PPCC)Bearden, W. O., & Etzel, M. J. · 1982 · 6 items · α CR = 0.99
• Product Purchase Attitude (PPA)Berens, G., van Riel, C. B. M., & van Bruggen, G. H. · 2005 · 3 items · α .81
• Product Scarcity Expectation (PSE)Mukherjee, A., & Lee, S.Y. · 2016 · 3 items · α .88–.97
• Product Social-Adjustive Function (PSAF)Grewal, R., Mehta, R., & Kardes, F. R. · 2004 · 6 items · α CR = 0.98
• Product Status Signalling (PSS)Gao, H., Winterich, K.P., & Zhang, Y. · 2016 · 4 items · α .89–.94
• Product Utilitarian Function (PUTF)Grewal, R., Mehta, R., & Kardes, F. R. · 2004 · 6 items · α CR = 0.97
• Product Value As a PossessionSheehan, D., & Dommer, S.L. · 2020 · 7 items · α 0.84-0.94
• Product Value-Expressive Function (PVEF)Grewal, R., Mehta, R., & Kardes, F. R. · 2004 · 6 items · α CR = 0.99
• Product Visual Aesthetic Evaluation (PVAE)Bell, S. S., Holbrook, M. B., & Solomon, M. R. · 1991 · 6 items · α .95
• Product Visual Appeal (PVA)White, K., Lin, L., Dahl, D.W., & Ritchie, R.J.B. · 2016 · 5 items · α .97
• Product/Story Connection (PSC)Homer, P. · 2009 · 4 items · α .81
• Purchase As Helping (Peer-to-peer)Costello, J.P., & Reczek, R.W. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.87-0.93
• Purchase Concealment (PC)Ridgway, N. M., & Monroe, K. B. · 2008 · 3 items · α .82
• Purchase Intention Semantic Differentials (PISD)Sierra, J.J., Hyman, M.R., & Torres, I.M. · 2009 · 5 items · α .96
• Purchase Likelihood (PL)White, K., Lin, L., Dahl, D.W., & Ritchie, R.J.B. · 2016 · 3 items · α .94
• Purchase Likelihood at Current Price (PLCP)Gao, H., Zhang, Y., & Mittal, V. · 2017 · 5 items · α .95–.96

Q

• Quality of the ProductHerhausen, D., Emrich, O., Grewal, D., Kipfelsberger, P., & et al. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.80

R

• Referral CostsGershon, R., Cryder, C., & John, L.K. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.78-0.88
• Relatedness (REL)Deci, E. L. · 2000 · 6 items · α .89
• Relationship Strength (RS)Argo, J. J., & Main, K. J. · 2008 · 3 items · α .94
• Relationship Type (Exchange) (RT)Aggarwal, P., & Zhang, M. · 2006 · 4 items · α .81
• Relative Advantage (RA)Cooper, R. G., & Kleinschmidt, E. J. · 1987 · 3 items · α .86
• Reluctance to Criticize CompaniesHydock, C., Chen, Z., & Carlson, K. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.91-0.92
• Reminiscing Enjoyment (RE)Bryant, F.B. · 2003 · 8 items · α .94–.97
• Resort Word-of-Mouth Intention (RWOMI)Lim, E.A.C., Lee, Y.H., & Foo, M.D. · 2017 · 3 items · α .94
• Response Context (Public/private)Woolley, K., & Risen, J.L. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.85
• Responsibility (Individual)Peck, J., Kirk, C.P., Luangrath, A.W., & Shu, S.B. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.94-0.97
• Responsibility (Sharing)Peck, J., Kirk, C.P., Luangrath, A.W., & Shu, S.B. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.79-0.93
• Retaliatory Behavior (Avoidance) (RB)Grégoire, Y. T., & Legoux, R. · 2009 · 4 items · α .87
• Retaliatory Behavior (Revenge) (RB)Grégoire, Y. T., & Legoux, R. · 2009 · 5 items · α .96
• Retirement Time Salience (RTS)Romero, M., Craig, A. W., & Kumar, A. · 2019 · 3 items · α .91
• Reviewer Credibility (RC)Grewal, L., & Stephen, A. T. · 2019 · 6 items · α .88–.89 (varied by study)
• Reviewer Effort Perception (REP)Yin, D., Bond, S.D., & Zhang, H. · 2017 · 3 items · α .916–.954
• Riskiness of Eating the FoodVisser-Amundson, A., Peloza, J., & Kleijnen, M. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.94-0.95
• Romantic Partner Brand Preference Compatibility (RPBPC)Brick, D. J., Fitzsimons, G. M., Chartrand, T. L., & Fitzsimons, G. J. · 2018 · 3 items · α .95

S

• Self-Accountability (Skin Cancer) (SASC)Passyn, K., & Sujan, M. · 2006 · 3 items · α .82
• Self-Actualization (SACT)Sheldon, K. M., & Kasser, T. · 2001 · 3 items · α .95
• Self-Brand Congruence (SBC)Dagogo-Jack, S. W., & Forehand, M. R. · 2018 · 3 items · α .95
• Self-Brand Image CongruenceAw, E. C.-X., & Labrecque, L. I. · 2023 · 4 items · α 0.91
• Self-Gifting Consumer Behaviour Scale (SGCBS)Mortimer, G., Bougoure, U. S., & Fazal-E-Hasan, S. · 2015 · 25 items · α .836–.964
• Self–Brand User Congruence (SBUC)Lou, C., Tse, C. H., & Lwin, M. O. · 2019 · 3 items · α .91
• Sense of ProximityRuzeviciute, R., Kamleitner, B., & Biswas, D. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.84-0.89
• Sensitive Nature of the ProductMelumad, S., & Meyer, R. · 2020 · 5 items · α 0.92
• Sensory Beverage Liking Scale (BEVLIKE)Chae, B., & Zhu, R. · 2014 · 4 items · α 0.89
• Serendipity (Products)Kim, A., Affonso, F.M., Laran, J., & Durante, K.M. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.83
• Serendipity (Song)Kim, A., Affonso, F.M., Laran, J., & Durante, K.M. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.89
• Service Provider Commitment (SPC)Nitzan, I., & Ein-Gar, D. · 2019 · 7 items · α .88
• Service Provider Superiority via Customer Knowledge (SPSK)del Rio Olivares, M. J., Wittkowski, K., Aspara, J., Falk, T., & et al. · 2018 · 3 items · α .97
• Situation-Specific Thinking Style (Rational) (SSTS)Epstein, S. · 1973 · 10 items · α .90
• Situational Behavioural Control (SBC)Consiglio, I., De Angelis, M., & Costabile, M. · 2018 · 4 items · α .89
• Smoking Intention (SI)Pechmann, C. G. · 2003 · 3 items · α .86
• Smoking-Related Benefits (Pharmacological) (SRB)Dalton, M. A., & Stevens, M. · 1999 · 3 items · α .85
• Social Group Identity Centrality (SGIC)Trudel, R., Argo, J. J., & Meng, M. D. · 2016 · 8 items · α .98
• Social Product Visibility (SPV)DelVecchio, D., & Smith, D. C. · 2005 · 5 items · α .81
• Sophisticated Consumer Self-Concept (SCSC)Summers, C. A., Smith, R. W., & Reczek, R. W. · 2016 · 4 items · α .86
• State Belongingness (SB)Mende, M., Scott, M. L., van Doorn, J., Grewal, D., & Shanks, I. · 2019 · 4 items · α .95
• State Hostile Aggression (SHA)Sinha, J., & Bagchi, R. · 2019 · 3 items · α .91
• State Loneliness (SL)Choi, J., Rangan, P., & Singh, S.N. · 2016 · 3 items · α .92
• State Mental Energy Depletion (SMED)Sinha, J., & Bagchi, R. · 2019 · 5 items · α .88–.94 (varied by study)
• Stated Personal Information Ad Targeting Acceptance (SPIAT)Kim, T., Barasz, K., & John, L. K. · 2019 · 5 items · α .86 or higher (individual alpha not reported)
• Store Layout Confusion (SLC)Albrecht, C.-M., Hattula, S., & Lehmann, D. R. · 2017 · 3 items · α .93
• Store Spatial Crowding (SSC)Albrecht, C.-M., Hattula, S., & Lehmann, D. R. · 2017 · 3 items · α .89
• Superiority (Purchase-Related)Ruvio, A., Bagozzi, R.P., Hult, G.T.M., & Spreng, R. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.88
• Sympathy of the BusinessXu, H., Bolton, L.E., & Winterich, K.P. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.95

T

• Task Accomplishment Pride (TAP)Kaiser, U., Schreier, M., & Janiszewski, C. · 2017 · 4 items · α .92
• Task Enjoyment Scale (TENJ)Chen, F., & Sengupta, J. · 2014 · 7 items · α 0.9
• Task-Specific Cognitive Flexibility (TSCF)Herd, K. B., & Mehta, R. · 2019 · 12 items · α .82–.93 (varied by experiment)
• Taste Evaluation (General)Yamim, A.P., Mai, R., & Werle, C.O.C. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.87-0.97
• Taste-Fattening Belief (TFB)Desai, K. K., & Ratneshwar, S. · 2003 · 3 items · α .89
• Television Character/Product Association (TCPA)Russell, C. A., & Stern, B. B. · 2006 · 3 items · α .84
• Third-Party Complaint Intentions (TPCI)Singh, J. · 1988 · 4 items · α .81
• Thought Focus (Family) (TF)Aaker, J. L., & Lee, A. Y. · 2001 · 4 items · α .92
• Thought Focus (Self) (TF)Aaker, J. L., & Lee, A. Y. · 2001 · 4 items · α .90
• Thrill and Adventure Seeking (TAS)Klesse, A-K., Cornil, Y., Dahl, D. W., & Gros, N. · 2019 · 14 items · α .88
• Tie Strength (TS)Frenzen, J. K., & Davis, H. L. · 1990 · 4 items · α .93
• Time Availability Scale (TAVL)Etkin, J., Evangelidis, I., & Aaker, J. · 2015 · 5 items · α 0.89
• Time Management (TM)Reed II, A. K., & Levy, E. · 2007 · 7 items · α .84
• True Authenticity SeekingBartsch, F., Zeugner-Roth, K. P., & Katsikeas, C. · 2022 · 4 items · α 0.85 (S1); 0.90 (S2); 0.92 (S5); 0.92 (S6)

U

• Uniqueness Self-Congruence (USC)Kaiser, U., Schreier, M., & Janiszewski, C. · 2017 · 3 items · α .91
• Utilitarian Attitude Toward Product/Brand (UAPB)Voss, K. E., Spangenberg, E. R., & Grohmann, B. · 2003 · 5 items · α .95

V

• Value from Product Possession (VFPP)Mogilner, C., & Aaker, J. · 2009 · 3 items · α .81
• Visual Direction Fluency (VDF)Monahan, J.L., & Romero, A.A. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.86
• Visual Processing Fluency (VPF)Labroo, A. A., Dhar, R., & Schwarz, N. · 2008 · 3 items · α .86
• Vividness (VIV)Keller, P. A., & Block, L. G. · 1997 · 6 items · α .89
• Volunteer Intention (VI)White, K., & Peloza, J. · 2009 · 3 items · α .91

W

• Warm Food – Calorie Richness RelationshipYamim, A.P., Mai, R., & Werle, C.O.C. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.93
• Webpage Entertainment Value (WEV)Bleier, A., Harmeling, C. M., & Palmatier, R. W. · 2019 · 3 items · α .93
• Webpage Informativeness (WI)Bleier, A., Harmeling, C. M., & Palmatier, R. W. · 2019 · 3 items · α .89
• Webpage Sensory Appeal (WSA)Bleier, A., Harmeling, C. M., & Palmatier, R. W. · 2019 · 3 items · α .85
• Website Personalization Interactivity (WPI)Loiacono, E.T., Watson, R.T., & Goodhue, D.L. · 2002 · 3 items · α .89
• Website Text Readability (WTR)Loiacono, E.T., Watson, R.T., & Goodhue, D.L. · 2002 · 3 items · α .91
• Website Visual Appeal (WVA)Loiacono, E.T., Watson, R.T., & Goodhue, D.L. · 2002 · 3 items · α .94
• Weight (Subjective) (WEI)Deng, X., & Kahn, B. E. · 2009 · 3 items · α .82