Budget Constraints

What it measures

A three-item likert scale designed to measure the degree to which a consumer views his/her income to be barely sufficient to cover expenses.

Response format

7-point Likert (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree)

Scale items

• I have to hold on to my money.
• By the end of the month my account is often relatively empty.
• My household budget is always tight.

Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.

Usage notes & scoring

Internal consistency (alpha = .887) was reported in the primary study. Convergent and discriminant validity evidence was provided by the original authors.

Citation

Urbany, Joel E., Peter R. Dickson, and Rosemary Kalapurakal (1996), “Price Search in the Retail Grocery Market,” Journal of Marketing, 60 (April), 91–104.

Keywords