Four items measure how much a consumer believes that a particular branded product is exclusive and makes its owners feel superior to other customers of the same brand. Wang and John (2019) used the scale in Study 5 with 155 students at a large North American university, as a manipulation check. The source of the scale was not stated.
Wang, Y., & John, D. R. (2019). Up, up, and away: Upgrading as a response to dissimilar brand users. Journal of Marketing Research, 56(1), 142–157.
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