Measures the strength of an individual's motivation to acquire external markers of success, including wealth, social standing, and power. Higher scores reflect a greater drive to signal achievement through visible, status-conferring outcomes.
Dahling, J. J., Whitaker, B. G., & Levy, P. E. (2009). The development and validation of a new Machiavellianism scale. Journal of Management, 35(1), 219–257.
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