This scale measures how mechanical, unemotional, cold, and robot-like an employee is perceived to have acted while performing their job. Sun, Wang, Hoegg, and Dahl (2023) used it across several studies and pretests examining dehumanization in embarrassing service encounters.
Sun, Yixia, Xuehua Wang, JoAndrea Hoegg, and Darren W. Dahl (2023), "How Consumers Respond to Embarrassing Service Encounters: A Dehumanization Perspective," Journal of Marketing Research, 60 (4), 646-664.
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