A five-item scale assessing the degree to which a shopper felt rushed, tense, and frantic during a particular store visit. Items capture a cluster of negative arousal states associated with time pressure and overcrowding. Borrowed by Albrecht et al. (2017) from Baker and Wakefield (2012), who provided strong evidence of its reliability and discriminant validity.
Albrecht, C.-M., Hattula, S., & Lehmann, D. R. (2017). The relationship between consumer shopping stress and purchase abandonment in task-oriented and recreation-oriented consumers. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(5), 720–740.
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