A five-item scale assessing the degree to which a shopper felt rushed, tense, and frantic during a particular store visit. Items capture a cluster of negative arousal states associated with time pressure and overcrowding. Borrowed by Albrecht et al. (2017) from Baker and Wakefield (2012), who provided strong evidence of its reliability and discriminant validity.
7-point Likert (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree)
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
Alphas were .90 (Study 1a) and .88 (Study 1b). Instructions should direct participants to reflect on a specific store visit before completing the scale. Companion scales from the same study address in-store crowding, confusing layout, and goal reengagement.
Albrecht, C.-M., Hattula, S., & Lehmann, D. R. (2017). The relationship between consumer shopping stress and purchase abandonment in task-oriented and recreation-oriented consumers. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(5), 720–740.
Free access to 2455+ psychometric scales at PsychScales