In-Store Crowding Perception

What it measures

Measures the extent to which a shopper perceives the store to be overcrowded with other customers. Items tap the subjective sense of too many people, density, and congestion in the retail space. Useful in research linking retail density to shopping stress and purchase outcomes.

Representative items

• There were too many people in the store.
• The store was jammed with people.
• The store was crowded with customers.

Citation

Albrecht, C.M., Hattula, S., & Lehmann, D.R. (2017). The relationship between consumer shopping stress and purchase abandonment in task-oriented and recreation-oriented consumers. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(5), 720–740.