A three-item semantic differential scale assessing perceived aesthetic formality — the degree to which a visual object's components are seen as well organised and its text as easy to read. Items are bipolar adjective pairs spanning a seven-point continuum. Originally developed for evaluating website aesthetics, this scale captures the structural and orderly dimension of visual design, distinguishing it empirically from the more expressive, creativity-oriented dimension measured by its companion Aesthetic Appeal scale.
Wang, Yong Jian, Michael S. Minor, and Jie Wei (2011). Aesthetics and the online shopping environment: Understanding consumer responses. Journal of Retailing, 87(1), 46–58.
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