Consumer Decision Making Scales
233 validated scales · all free to use
Scales measuring the individual differences and processes that shape consumer choice. This domain includes widely used trait measures such as the Need for Cognition Scale, Consumer Ethnocentrism Scale, Materialism Values Scale, Personal Involvement Inventory and General Self-Control Scale, alongside measures of variety seeking, novelty seeking, compulsive buying, information search, goal pursuit, social influence and consumer values. It also holds core outcome measures such as the Purchase Intention Scale and a number of response-style instruments, including the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, that are commonly used as controls in survey research. These scales are a natural starting point when you need a moderator or individual-difference variable for a consumer study, or a validated measure of intention, involvement or self-regulation.
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All Consumer Decision Making scales (A–Z)
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V A A Generalizable Scale of Propensity to Plan (PtP) Lynch, J.G., Jr., Netemeyer, R.G., Spiller, S.A., & Zammit, A. · 2010 · 14 items · α 0.88–0.93 Achievement Goals Questionnaire (AGQ) Elliot, A.J. & McGregor, H.A. · 2001 · 12 items · α 0.71–0.87 Action Control Scale (ACS-90) Kuhl, J. · 1994 · 18 items · α 0.60–0.82 Advice Suitability (AS) Gershoff, A. D., & Mukhopadhyay, A. · 2007 · 6 items · α .87 Analytic-Holistic Thinking Scale (AHS) Choi, I., Koo, M., & Choi, J.A. · 2007 · 24 items · α Analytic: 0.70–0.75; Holistic: 0.73–0.79 Anticipated Task-Switching Disruption Woolley, K. & Sharif, M.A. · 2022 · 4 items · α 0.80-0.90 Appreciation Felt Scale (AFS) Liu, P.J., Lamberton, C., & Haws, K.L. · 2015 · 3 items · α 0.95-0.98 (across six studies) Appropriateness of Warranty Time Units Scale (AWTU) Lembregts, C., & Pandelaere, M. · 2013 · 3 items · α alpha = .95 (Lembregts & Pandelaere, 2013; Study 4, n=74, Ghent University) Arousal Seeking Tendency Scale (AST) Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J.A. · 1974 · 40 items · α 0.87–0.90 Attachment Anxiety (AttAnx) Johnson, A., Whelan, J., & Thomson, M. · 2012 · 5 items · α 0.88–0.89 Attachment to Possessions Scale (APS-Attach) Ball, A.D. & Tasaki, L.H. · 1992 · 8 items · α 0.88–0.93 Attention to Social Comparison Information Scale (ATSCI) Lennox, R.D. & Wolfe, R.N. · 1984 · 13 items · α 0.83–0.89 Attitude Certainty (AttCert) Krosnick, J.A., Boninger, D.S., Chuang, Y.C., Berent, M.K., & et al. · 1993 · 6 items · α 0.91 Autonomy (AUT) Deci, E. L. · 2000 · 5 items · α .85 B Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) Paulhus, D.L. · 1993 · 40 items · α 0.70–0.86 Bank Patronage Attitude (BPA) Isaac, M.S., Brough, A.R., & Grayson, K. · 2016 · 3 items · α 0.933–0.956 Behavioral Action Readiness (BAR) Chandran, S., & Morwitz, V. G. · 2005 · 3 items · α .89 Behavioral Control (BC) Dabholkar, P. A. · 1996 · 4 items · α .89 Behaviour Identification Form (BIF) Vallacher, R.R. & Wegner, D.M. · 1989 · 25 items · α 0.73–0.79 Behavioural Intention (General) (BIGEN) 9 items Belk Materialism Scales (BELK-MAT) Belk, R.W. · 1985 · 24 items · α 0.57–0.80 Brand Behavioural Intention (BBI) Krishnamurthy, P., & Sivaraman, A. · 2002 · 4 items · α .88 Brand Switching Tendency (BSWT) Coulter, R. A., Price, L. L., & Feick, L. · 2003 · 3 items · α .81 C Centrality of Visual Product Aesthetics Scale (CVPA) Bloch, P.H., Brunel, F.F., & Arnold, T.J. · 2003 · 9 items · α Aesthetic Sensitivity: 0.86–0.91; Acuity: 0.82–0.87 Change Seeking Index — Short Form (CSI-Change) Steenkamp, J.B.E.M., & Baumgartner, H. · 1994 · 16 items · α 0.74–0.80 Choice Confidence (CC) Heitmann, M. D., & Herrmann, A. · 2007 · 3 items · α .91 Cognitive and Sensory Innovativeness Scale (CI-SI) Venkatraman, M.P. & Price, L.L. · 1990 · 16 items · α 0.64–0.73 Color Attitude (ColAtt) Batra, R.K. & Ghoshal, T. · 2017 · 3 items · α 0.95 Components of Involvement (CP) Lastovicka, J.L., & Gardner, D.M. · 1979 · 14 items · α 0.72–0.89 Compulsive Buying Index (CBI) Ridgway, N.M., Kukar-Kinney, M. & Monroe, K.B. · 2008 · 6 items · α 0.81–0.84 Compulsive Buying Scale (CBS-Faber) Faber, R.J. & O'Guinn, T.C. · 1992 · 7 items · α 0.82–0.89 Compulsive Consumption Clinical Screener (CBS-Clinical) Faber, R.J. & O'Guinn, T.C. · 1992 · 7 items · α 0.83–0.95 Consideration of Future Consequences Scale (CFC) Strathman, A., Gleicher, F., Boninger, D.S. & Edwards, C.S. · 1994 · 12 items · α 0.80–0.86 Consumer Alienation From the Marketplace Scale (CAFM) Allison, N.K. · 1978 · 21 items · α 0.64–0.80 across subscales Consumer Animosity Scale (CAS) Klein, J.G., Ettenson, R., & Morris, M.D. · 1998 · 10 items · α 0.83–0.96 Consumer Assertiveness and Aggressiveness Scale (CAAS) Richins, M.L. · 1983 · 14 items · α Assertiveness: 0.80–0.85; Aggressiveness: 0.77–0.83 Consumer Attitudes to Debt (CAD-Debt) Lea, S.E.G., Webley, P., & Walker, C.M. · 1995 · 15 items · α 0.71–0.83 Consumer Attitudes Toward Marketing and Consumerism Scale (CATMC) Barksdale, H.C., & Darden, W.R. · 1972 · 30 items · α 0.64–0.81 across subscales Consumer Confusion Scale (CCS-Walsh) Walsh, G., Hennig-Thurau, T., & Mitchell, V.W. · 2007 · 12 items · α 0.72–0.85 Consumer Coping Scale (CCS-Duhachek) Duhachek, A. · 2005 · 28 items · α 0.74–0.91 across subscales Consumer Discontent Scale (CDS-Discontent) Lundstrom, W.J., & Lamont, L.M. · 1976 · 32 items · α 0.85–0.90 Consumer Ethnocentrism Scale (CETSCALE) Shimp, T.A. & Sharma, S. · 1987 · 17 items · α 0.88–0.96 Consumer Impulsiveness Scale (CIS) Puri, R. · 1996 · 12 items · α 0.82 Consumer Innovativeness Scale (CIJM-CNS) Manning, K.C., Bearden, W.O. & Madden, T.J. · 1995 · 14 items · α 0.84–0.92 Consumer Involvement Profiles (CIP) Laurent, G., & Kapferer, J.N. · 1985 · 16 items · α 0.69–0.87 across facets and product classes Consumer Nostalgia Scale (CNS) Holbrook, M.B. · 1993 · 8 items · α 0.83–0.89 Consumer Self-Confidence Scale (CSC) Bearden, W.O., Hardesty, D.M. & Rose, R.L. · 2001 · 31 items · α 0.81–0.88 Consumer Spending Self-Control Scale (CSSC) Haws, K.L. & Bearden, W.O. · 2010 · 10 items · α 0.90–0.93 Consumer Susceptibility to Interpersonal Influence (CSII) Bearden, W.O., Netemeyer, R.G., & Teel, J.E. · 1989 · 12 items · α 0.81–0.88 Consumers' Need for Uniqueness Scale (CNFU) Tian, K.T., Bearden, W.O. & Hunter, G.L. · 2001 · 31 items · α 0.94–0.95 Country-of-Origin Image Scale (COO-Nagashima) Nagashima, A. · 1970 · 14 items · α 0.71–0.89 Current Financial Sufficiency (CFS) Mittal, C., & Griskevicius, V. · 2016 · 3 items · α 0.90 Customer–Company Exchange Equity (CCEE) Blanchard, S.J., Carlson, K.A., & Hyodo, J.D. · 2016 · 3 items · α 0.90 D Decision Comfort (DC) Parker, J.R., Lehmann, D.R., & Xie, Y. · 2016 · 5 items · α 0.89–0.94 Decision Conflict (DCon) Ward, M.K. & Broniarczyk, S.M. · 2016 · 3 items · α 0.90 Desire for Control Scale (DCS) Burger, J.M. & Cooper, H.M. · 1979 · 20 items · α 0.76–0.80 Desire for the Product (Instantaneous) Wu, F., Reimann, M., Pol, G., & Park, C.W. · 2023 · 5 items · α 0.98 (Study 4) Desire for Unique Consumer Products Scale (DUCP) Lynn, M. & Harris, J. · 1997 · 8 items · α 0.78 Disposition to Trust Scale (DTT) McKnight, D.H., Cummings, L.L. & Chervany, N.L. · 1998 · 8 items · α 0.80–0.87 Domain-Specific Innovativeness Scale (DSI) Goldsmith, R.E. & Hofacker, C.F. · 1991 · 6 items · α 0.75–0.90 Donor Motivation (Self-Expression) (DM) Mogilner, C., & Aaker, J. · 2009 · 7 items · α .90 E Ease of Use (Semantic Differential) (EOUSESD) Dabholkar, P. · 1994 · 6 items · α .90 ECOSCALE (ECOSCALE) Stone, G., Barnes, J.H., & Montgomery, C. · 1995 · 30 items · α 0.76–0.91 Effort Appreciation for Producers (EAP) Wu, F., Samper, A., Morales, A.C., & Fitzsimons, G.J. · 2017 · 5 items · α 0.91 Elaboration on Potential Outcomes (Generation/Evaluation) (EOPO) Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. · 1998 · 6 items · α .88 Elaboration on Potential Outcomes (Negative Focus) (EOPO) Nenkov, G. Y., Inman, J. J., & Hulland, J. · 2008 · 4 items · α .80 Elaboration on Potential Outcomes (Positive Focus) (EOPO) Nenkov, G. Y., Inman, J. J., & Hulland, J. · 2008 · 3 items · α .82 Elaboration on Potential Outcomes Scale (EPO) Nenkov, G.Y., Inman, J.J., & Hulland, J. · 2008 · 8 items · α 0.86–0.90 Emotional Product Attachment (EPA) Sivadas, E. & Venkatesh, R. · 1995 · 4 items · α 0.95 Enduring Involvement Index (EII) Bloch, P.H., Sherrell, D.L., & Ridgway, N.M. · 1986 · 5 items · α 0.80–0.87 Evaluation Similarity (ES) Gershoff, A. D., & Mukhopadhyay, A. · 2007 · 5 items · α .83 Exploratory Buying Behaviour Tendencies Scale (EBBT) Baumgartner, H. & Steenkamp, J.B.E.M. · 1996 · 16 items · α EAP: 0.81–0.87; EIS: 0.78–0.84 Exploratory Tendencies in Consumer Behavior Scales (ETCBS) Raju, P.S. · 1980 · 39 items · α 0.62–0.82 across subscales F Fan-Team Relationship Quality Scale (FTRQS) Lacey, R., Kennett-Hensel, P.A., & Manolis, C. · 2015 · 8 items · α CR .94–.95 Feelings of Resource Constraints Rifkin, J.R., Wight, K.G., & Cutright, K.M. · 2023 · 3 items · α 0.87 to 0.89 Financial Status Affect (FSA) Parker, J.R., Lehmann, D.R., & Xie, Y. · 2016 · 4 items · α 0.98 Food Involvement Scale (FIS) Bell, R. & Marshall, D.W. · 2003 · 7 items · α 0.87–0.92 Food Neophobia Pozharliev, R., De Angelis, M., Rossi, D., Bagozzi, R., & Amatulli, C. · 2023 · 10 items · α 0.85 Food Package Health Info Fluency (FPHIF) Newman, C.L., Howlett, E., & Burton, S. · 2016 · 4 items · α 0.94 Frugality Scale (FRUG) Lastovicka, J.L., Bettencourt, L.A., Hughner, R.S. & Kuntze, R.J. · 1999 · 8 items · α 0.73–0.88 G General Involvement Scale (GENINV) Brocato, E. D., Baker, J., & Voorhees, C. M. · 2015 · 4 items · α 0.95 General Self-Control Scale (GSC) Tangney, J.P., Baumeister, R.F. & Boone, A.L. · 2004 · 36 items · α 0.83–0.89 Gift Attitude Scale (GAS) Baskin, E., Wakslak, C.J., Trope, Y., & Novemsky, N. · 2014 · 4 items · α 0.95 (Study 1, n=80) Goal Commitment Scale (GCS) Klein, H.J., Wesson, M.J., Hollenbeck, J.R. & Alge, B.J. · 1999 · 9 items · α 0.76–0.87 Goal Conflict Etkin, J., & Memmi, S.A. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.86-0.93 Goal Orientation Scale (GOS) VandeWalle, D. · 1997 · 13 items · α 0.76–0.92 GREEN Consumer Values (GREEN) Haws, K.L., Winterich, K.P., & Naylor, R.W. · 2014 · 6 items · α 0.93 H Health Consciousness Scale (HCS) Gould, S.J. · 1988 · 24 items · α 0.70–0.86 Healthy Food Cost Belief (HFCB) Haws, K.L., Reczek, R.W., & Sample, K.L. · 2017 · 3 items · α 0.93 Hedonic and Utilitarian Consumer Product Attitudes (HUCP) Batra, R., & Ahtola, O.T. · 1991 · 10 items · α Hedonic: 0.88–0.93; Utilitarian: 0.85–0.90 High in Emergent Nature Scale (HEN) Hoffman, D.L., Kopalle, P.K. & Novak, T.P. · 2010 · 8 items · α 0.93–0.94 Home Furniture Visualization Ease (HFVE) Sarantopoulos, P., Theotokis, A., Pramatari, K., & Roggeveen, A. L. · 2019 · 6 items · α .90 Hyperopia Scale (HYP) Haws, K.L. & Poynor, C. · 2008 · 6 items · α 0.86–0.90 I Importance of Product Quantity in the Package (Maximizing) Sharma, N., & Romero, M. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.90 Importance of Product Quantity in the Package (Minimizing) Sharma, N., & Romero, M. · 2020 · 4 items · α 0.93 Impulse Buying Tendency Scale (IBT) Rook, D.W. & Fisher, R.J. · 1995 · 9 items · α 0.82–0.88 Indecisiveness (IND) Kardes, F. R., & Bullington, B. · 2007 · 4 items · α .84 Information Search to Better Learn About the Product Pizzutti, C., Gonçalves, R., & Ferreira, M. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.93 (Wave 1); 0.95 (Wave 2) Information Search to Better Use the Product Pizzutti, C., Gonçalves, R., & Ferreira, M. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.92 (Wave 1); 0.94 (Wave 2) Information Search to Continue Enjoying the Product Pizzutti, C., Gonçalves, R., & Ferreira, M. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.93 (Wave 1 and Wave 2) Innovation Adoption Cost Barrier Scale (INNCOSTB) Claudy, M.C., Garcia, R., & O'Driscoll, A. · 2015 · 3 items · α 0.89 Innovation Financial Benefits Scale (INNFINBEN) Claudy, M.C., Garcia, R., & O'Driscoll, A. · 2015 · 3 items · α 0.88 Intergenerational Communication and Influence on Consumption Scale (IGEN) Viswanathan, M., Childers, T.L. & Moore, E.S. · 2000 · 12 items · α 0.64–0.92 Interpersonal Friendliness (IFriend) Bagchi, R., & Ince, E.C. · 2016 · 4 items · α 0.94 Interpersonal Orientation Scale (CAD-Cohen) Cohen, J.B. · 1967 · 35 items · α 0.51–0.72 Involvement in the Purchase Decision (IITP) Kim, J., & Morris, J. D. · 2007 · 3 items · α .80 Involvement in the Task (Processing Effort) (IITT) Chow, C. W. · 2006 · 4 items · α .91 Involvement with the Product Category Kim, T., & Ball, J.G. · 2021 · 5 items · α 0.95-0.96 J
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M Market Maven Scale (MAVEN) Feick, L.F. & Price, L.L. · 1987 · 6 items · α 0.82–0.84 Marketplace Literacy Viswanathan, M., Umashankar, N., Sreekumar, A., & Goreczny, A. · 2021 · 8 items · α 0.70-0.91 MARKOR — Market Orientation Scale (MARKOR) Kohli, A.K., Jaworski, B.J. & Kumar, A. · 1993 · 32 items · α 0.75–0.82 Material Values Scale — Short Forms (MVS-SF) Richins, M.L. · 2004 · 15 items · α 0.63–0.87 Materialism — Social Motivations for Consumption (MMA) Moschis, G.P. & Churchill, G.A., Jr. · 1978 · 6 items · α 0.65–0.75 Materialism Measure (MM) Richins, M.L. · 1987 · 14 items · α 0.73–0.80 Materialism Values Scale (MVS) Richins, M.L. & Dawson, S. · 1992 · 18 items · α 0.73–0.82 Maximisation Scale (MS) Schwartz, B., Ward, A., Monterosso, J., Lyubomirsky, S., White, K. et al. · 2002 · 13 items · α 0.69–0.75 Maximisation Tendency Scale (MTS) Nenkov, G.Y., Morrin, M., Ward, A., Schwartz, B. & Hulland, J. · 2008 · 9 items · α 0.77–0.86 Maximization Scale (MAX) Schwartz, B., Ward, A., Monterosso, J., Lyubomirsky, S., White, K. et al. · 2002 · 13 items · α 0.54–0.75 Maximizing (Decision Difficulty) Ross, G.R., Meloy, M.G., & Bolton, L.E. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.81 Mind Wandering Scale (MWS) Rahinel, R., & Ahluwalia, R. · 2015 · 3 items · α 0.79 MKTOR — Market Orientation Scale (MKTOR) Narver, J.C. & Slater, S.F. · 1990 · 15 items · α 0.81–0.86 composite; subscale alpha 0.71–0.78 Money Attitude Scale (MAS) Yamauchi, K.T. & Templer, D.I. · 1982 · 29 items · α 0.73–0.86 N Need for Cognition Scale (NCS) Cacioppo, J.T. & Petty, R.E. · 1982 · 34 items · α 0.90–0.91 Need for Justification Fan, L., Rucker, D. D., & Jiang, Y. · 2023 · 3 items · α 0.94 (Study 2); 0.89 (Study 3) Need for Uniqueness Scale (NFU) Tian, K.T., Bearden, W.O., & Hunter, G.L. · 2001 · 31 items · α 0.82–0.88 Need to Evaluate Scale (NES) Jarvis, W.B.G. & Petty, R.E. · 1996 · 16 items · α 0.82–0.87 New Information Affecting the Decision Hochstein, B., Bolander, W., Christenson, B., Pratt, A.B., & et al. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.96-0.97 New Involvement Profile (NIP) Jain, K., & Srinivasan, N. · 1990 · 15 items · α 0.70–0.88 Nostalgia Scale (NOS) Holbrook, M.B. · 1993 · 8 items · α 0.73–0.78 Nutrition Involvement Woolley, K., & Liu, P.J. · 2021 · 5 items · α 0.92 O Opinion Leaders and Opinion Seekers Scale (OL-OS) Flynn, L.R., Goldsmith, R.E. & Eastman, J.K. · 1996 · 12 items · α 0.78–0.93 Opinion Leadership and Information Seeking Scale (OL-IS) Reynolds, F.D. & Darden, W.R. · 1971 · 8 items · α split-half 0.79 (OL); 0.73 (IS) Opinion Leadership Scale (OLS) King, C.W. & Summers, J.O. · 1970 · 14 items · α 0.66–0.88 Organisational Identification Scale (OIS) Mael, F. & Ashforth, B.E. · 1992 · 6 items · α 0.80–0.89 Outcome Responsibility (OR) Botti, S., & McGill, A. L. · 2006 · 3 items · α .93 P Perceived Assortment Variety (PAV) Kahn, B. E., & Wansink, B. · 2004 · 4 items · α .81 Perceived Experience Disconfirmation Scale (EXPDISC) Allen, A. M., Brady, M. K., Robinson, S. G., & Voorhees, C. M. · 2015 · 5 items · α 0.97 Perceived Femininity Traits (PFT) Brough, A.R., Wilkie, J.E.B., Ma, J., Isaac, M.S., & Gal, D. · 2016 · 3 items · α 0.80 Perceived Food Healthiness Van Kerckhove, A., De Bondt, C., & Geuens, M. · 2023 · 5 items · α 0.82-0.92 (range across studies) Perceived Grandiosity (PGrand) Packard, G., Gershoff, A.D., & Wooten, D.B. · 2016 · 7 items · α 0.90–0.93 Perceived Informativeness Scale (IGS) Moore, S. G. · 2012 · 3 items · α 0.85 Perceived Object Value (POV) Okada, E. M. · 2005 · 3 items · α .82 Perceived Policy Fairness (PPF) Jung, K., Garbarino, E., Briley, D.A., & Wynhausen, J. · 2017 · 4 items · α 0.93 Perceived Product Durability (PPD) Jiang, Y., Gorn, G.J., Galli, M., & Chattopadhyay, A. · 2016 · 3 items · α 0.95 Perceived Risk Scale (PRS) Jacoby, J. & Kaplan, L.B. · 1972 · 17 items · α 0.71–0.91 (varies by dimension) Perceived Source Expertise D'Angelo, J. K., & Valsesia, F. · 2023 · 3 items · α 0.94-0.97 (across nine studies) Perceived Value Scale (PERVAL) Sweeney, J.C. & Soutar, G.N. · 2001 · 17 items · α 0.82–0.93 Performance Outcome Satisfaction (POS) Tsiros, M., & Mittal, V. · 2000 · 4 items · α .95 Personal Involvement Inventory (PII) Zaichkowsky, J.L. · 1985 · 20 items · α 0.95–0.97 Polychronic Attitude Index (PAI) Kaufman, C.F., Lane, P.M., & Lindquist, J.D. · 1991 · 4 items · α 0.73–0.82 Post-Recommendation Product Attitude D'Angelo, J. K., & Valsesia, F. · 2023 · 3 items · α 0.90 (Study 4); 0.90 (Study 5) Preference for Consistency Scale (PFC) Cialdini, R.B., Trost, M.R. & Newsom, J. · 1995 · 18 items · α 0.84–0.89 Preference for Moderation Drolet, A., Luce, M.F., Jiang, L., Rossi, B.C., & Hastie, R. · 2021 · 8 items · α 0.79-0.92 Price Sensitivity Meter (PSM) Van Westendorp, P. · 1976 · 4 items · α N/A (price elicitation method, not Likert) Product Aesthetic Appeal (PAA) Wu, F., Samper, A., Morales, A.C., & Fitzsimons, G.J. · 2017 · 4 items · α 0.92–0.97 Product Attribute Importance (PATTRIMP) Sujan, M., & Bettman, J. R. · 1989 · 3 items · α .93 Product Category Choice Uncertainty Scale (IPCU) Habel, J., & Klarmann, M. · 2015 · 4 items · α 0.93 Product Curiosity (PRODCUR) Menon, S., & Soman, D. · 2002 · 4 items · α .80 Product Disposal Guilt (PDG) Trudel, R., Argo, J.J., & Meng, M.D. · 2016 · 3 items · α 0.98 Product Evaluation (Food) (PE) Allen, M. W., & Monnier, A. · 2008 · 8 items · α .95 Product Evaluation Ambivalence (PEA) Nowlis, S. M., Kahn, B. E., & Dhar, R. · 2002 · 3 items · α .92 Product Image Generality (PIMGEN) Laroche, M., Yang, Z., McDougall, G. H. G., & Bergeron, J. · 2005 · 3 items · α .91 Product Intelligence (Autonomy) (PI) Rijsdijk, S. A., & Diamantopoulos, A. · 2007 · 4 items · α .81 Product Intelligence Scale (PI-Scale) Rijsdijk, S.A., Hultink, E.J., & Diamantopoulos, A. · 2007 · 24 items · α 0.83–0.95 at subscale level Product Need Schlager, T., de Bellis, E., & Hoegg, J. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.87-0.95 Product Personal Benefits Perception Lee, S., & Winterich, K. P. · 2022 · 3 items · α 0.92 (Study 4, 3-item version); r = .62 (Study 2, 2-item version) Product Preference (Company) Song, X., Jung, J., & Zhang, Y. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.96 Product Preference (Purchase) Acar, O.A., Dahl, D.W., Fuchs, C., & Schreier, M. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.94-0.96 Product Preference (Quality) Acar, O.A., Dahl, D.W., Fuchs, C., & Schreier, M. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.89-0.92 Product Purchase Interest (PPI-S) Sarial-Abi, G., & Ulqinaku, A. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.88-0.91 Product Purchase Interest (PPI-H) Hartmann, J., Heitmann, M., Schamp, C., & Netzer, O. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.96 Product Purchase Interest (PPI-N) Han, M., Newman, G.E., Smith, R.K., & Dhar, R. · 2021 · 3 items · α 0.93 Product Retention Tendency Scale (PRT) Haws, K.L., Naylor, R.W., Coulter, R.A. & Bearden, W.O. · 2012 · 7 items · α 0.83–0.88 Psychological Ownership Scale (POS-Peck) Peck, J. & Shu, S.B. · 2009 · 4 items · α 0.86–0.94 Purchase Anxiety Scale (PANX) Thomas, M., & Tsai, C.I. · 2012 · 3 items · α alpha = .89 (Thomas & Tsai, 2012; Study 3, n=243) Purchase Cue Superiority: Sales vs. Stock Level (PCSS) He, Y., & Oppewal, H. · 2018 · 5 items · α .95 Purchase Decision Involvement (PDI) Mittal, B. · 1989 · 6 items · α 0.76–0.88 Purchase Embarrassment (PEmb) Esmark, C.L., Noble, S.M., & Breazeale, M.J. · 2017 · 3 items · α 0.92–0.96 Purchase Importance Dai, H., Chan, C., & Mogilner, C. · 2020 · 3 items · α 0.82-0.90 Purchase Intention Scale (PINT) Dodds, W.B., Monroe, K.B., & Grewal, D. · 1991 · 4 items · α 0.87–0.95 Purchasing Involvement Scale (PI) Slama, M.E., & Tashchian, A. · 1985 · 16 items · α 0.78–0.84 Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS-Proc) Steel, P. · 2010 · 12 items · α 0.89–0.91 Q
R Rated Product Evaluation Davis, D. F. · 2023 · 6 items · α 0.918 to 0.936 across studies Rational-Experiential Inventory (REI) Pacini, R. & Epstein, S. · 1999 · 40 items · α 0.81–0.90 Reactance (REA) Abendroth, L. J., & Diehl, K. · 2006 · 3 items · α .80 Recycling Attitude (RecycAtt) Baek, T.H. & Yoon, S. · 2017 · 4 items · α 0.95 Reference Group Influence Scale (RGI) Park, C.W. & Lessig, V.P. · 1977 · 14 items · α test-retest 0.43–0.96 Regulatory Focus Composite Scale (RF-COMP) Haws, K.L., Dholakia, U.M., & Bearden, W.O. · 2010 · 18 items · α 0.88–0.92 Regulatory Focus Questionnaire (RFQ) Higgins, E.T., Friedman, R.S., Harlow, R.E., Idson, L.C., Ayduk, et al. · 2001 · 11 items · α 0.73–0.84 Regulatory Mode Scale (RMS) Kruglanski, A.W., Thompson, E.P., Higgins, E.T., Atash, M.N., et al. · 2000 · 22 items · α 0.80–0.89 Reliability (REL) Dabholkar, P. A. · 1996 · 3 items · α .80 Revised and Optimised Personal Involvement Inventories (RPII / OPII) McQuarrie, E.F., & Munson, J.M. · 1986 · 26 items · α RPII: 0.85–0.93 (two factors); OPII: 0.88–0.92 Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) Rokeach, M. · 1973 · 36 items · α rho .70–.82 (test-retest) Role Overload Scale (Wife) (RO-W) Reilly, M.D. · 1982 · 5 items · α 0.77–0.82 S Satisfaction with Company (Anticipated) (SWC) Gotlieb, J. B., & Brown, S. W. · 1994 · 5 items · α .92 Scale to Measure Attitudes Influencing Monetary Donations to Charitable Organisations (SMAIMDCO) Webb, D.J., Green, C.L., & Brashear, T.G. · 2000 · 20 items · α 0.72–0.89 Self-diagnosticity Savary, J., & Dhar, R. · 2020 · 7 items · α 0.97 Self-Enhancement (Public) (SE) Argo, J. J., & Dahl, D. W. · 2006 · 4 items · α .84 Self-Regulatory Focus (Prevention) (SRF) Arnold, M. J., & Reynolds, K. E. · 2009 · 6 items · α .86 Shopping Process Control (SHPCTL) Chandran, S., & Morwitz, V. G. · 2005 · 4 items · α .80 Situation-Specific Thinking Style Scale (STSS) Novak, T.P., & Hoffman, D.L. · 2009 · 12 items · α Experiential: 0.83–0.88; Rational: 0.85–0.90 Social Consequences of the Choice (Negative) Liu, P.J., McFerran, B., & Haws, K.L. · 2020 · 5 items · α 0.91 Socially Responsible Consumption Behavior (SRCB) Antil, J.H. · 1984 · 40 items · α 0.82–0.91 Source Credibility and Usefulness Scale (SCUS) Park, J.K., & John, D.R. · 2014 · 8 items · α 0.90 (pretest for Study 3, n=56) Source Trustworthiness Scale (STWS) Touré-Tillery, M., & McGill, A. L. · 2015 · 4 items · α 0.92 Spendthrift–Tightwad Scale (STS) Rick, S.I., Cryder, C.E. & Loewenstein, G. · 2008 · 4 items · α 0.71–0.76 State Judgment Anxiety Tsai, C.I., Zhao, M., & Soman, D. · 2022 · 3 items · α >0.85 Status Consumption Scale (SCS-Status) Eastman, J.K., Goldsmith, R.E., & Flynn, L.R. · 1999 · 5 items · α 0.83–0.90 Stimulus Vividness Scale (STVV) Andrews, J. C., Netemeyer, R. G., Kees, J., & Burton, S. · 2014 · 4 items · α 0.95 Stock Risk Based on Price Transitions Kim, J., & Lakshmanan, A. · 2021 · 4 items · α 0.86-0.87 Style of Processing Scale (SOP) Childers, T.L., Houston, M.J. & Heckler, S.E. · 1985 · 15 items · α Visual: 0.82–0.87; Verbal: 0.76–0.83 Subjective Leisure Scales (SLS) Unger, L.S. & Kernan, J.B. · 1983 · 24 items · α 0.74–0.90 Subjective Wealth Perception De La Rosa, W., & Tully, S.M. · 2022 · 6 items · α 0.89 to 0.93 T Task Ease Evaluation Scale (TEES) Soster, R. L., Gershoff, A. D., & Bearden, W. O. · 2014 · 3 items · α 0.91 Task Easiness (TASKEAS) Tybout, A. M., Sternthal, B., Malaviya, P., Bakamitsos, G. A., & et al. · 2005 · 4 items · α .90 Task Performance (Self-Evaluation) (TP) Novak, T. P., & Hoffman, D. L. · 2009 · 4 items · α .89 Taste Evaluation (TE) Tybout, A. M. · 1989 · 7 items · α .97 Temporal Focus Scale (TFS) Shipp, A.J., Edwards, J.R., & Lambert, L.S. · 2009 · 12 items · α 0.79–0.88 Temporal Proximity Scale (TPRX) Pounders, K. R., Lee, S., & Mackert, M. · 2015 · 3 items · α 0.93 Time Pressure Perception (TPP) Suri, R., & Monroe, K. B. · 2003 · 3 items · α .80 Tuckman Procrastination Scale (TPS) Tuckman, B.W. · 1991 · 16 items · α 0.86–0.90 U
V Value Conflict (Decision) (VCD) Burroughs, J. E., & Rindfleisch, A. · 2002 · 9 items · α .93 Variety Seeking Tendency Scale (VARSEEK) Van Trijp, H.C.M., Hoyer, W.D., & Inman, J.J. · 1996 · 6 items · α 0.79–0.88 Visual Imagery Vividness Scale (IVVS) Cian, L., Krishna, A., & Elder, R. S. · 2015 · 5 items · α 0.96 Visual Processing Fluency Scale (VPFL) Orth, U. R., & Crouch, R. C. · 2014 · 3 items · α 0.88 Volatility Botner, K.A., Mishra, A., & Mishra, H. · 2020 · 10 items · α 0.89-0.93 Voluntary Simplicity Scale (VSS) Cowles, D.L. & Crosby, L.A. (1986 refinement); Leonard-Barton, D. et al. · 1986 · 25 items · α 0.65–0.84