The scale measures a consumer's preference for one company's product over a competitor's, using a simple forced-choice format across paired product comparisons. Adapted and validated across both US and Chinese samples, it was developed to test how the design origin of a product — user-designed versus designer-designed — interacts with cultural beliefs about power distance.
7-point Likert (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree)
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Song, Jung, and Zhang (2021) adapted this scale from a measure used by Dahl, Fuchs, and Schreier (2015), administering it to both US and Chinese participants with the instrument translated and back-translated for accuracy. Reliability was excellent (α = .96). Validity wasn't separately assessed.
Song, X., Jung, J., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Consumers’ Preference for User-Designed Versus Designer-Designed Products: The Moderating Role of Power Distance Belief. Journal of Marketing Research, 58(1), 163–181.
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