Four items measure how much a person currently feels a sense of belonging and connectedness to others. Mende et al. (2019) used the scale as a manipulation check in the Study 3a pretest with 180 MTurk participants. Items 1–3 were borrowed from Lambert et al. (2013); the source of item 4 was not stated. Successful manipulation provides limited evidence of predictive validity.
Mende, M., Scott, M. L., van Doorn, J., Grewal, D., & Shanks, I. (2019). Service robots rising: How humanoid robots influence service experiences and elicit compensatory consumer responses. Journal of Marketing Research, 56(4), 535–556.
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