State Belongingness

What it measures

Four items measure how much a person currently feels a sense of belonging and connectedness to others. Mende et al. (2019) used the scale as a manipulation check in the Study 3a pretest with 180 MTurk participants. Items 1–3 were borrowed from Lambert et al. (2013); the source of item 4 was not stated. Successful manipulation provides limited evidence of predictive validity.

Response format

7-point Likert (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree)

Scale items

• I really feel like I belong with others.
• I currently have a sense of belonging on my mind.
• Right now, I have a sense of belonging on my mind.
• I currently have a sense of connectedness to other people.

Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.

Usage notes & scoring

Note: a footnote in the original article referencing blanks in the items appears to be a copy-paste error — there are no blanks in the items as presented.

Citation

Mende, M., Scott, M. L., van Doorn, J., Grewal, D., & Shanks, I. (2019). Service robots rising: How humanoid robots influence service experiences and elicit compensatory consumer responses. Journal of Marketing Research, 56(4), 535–556.

Keywords