A three-item scale capturing the extent to which a person feels excluded, rejected, and left out. Items are concise and stimulus-neutral, making the scale appropriate for use as a manipulation check following social exclusion inductions or in studies where exclusion is measured as a state.
7-point scale (1=not at all, 7=very much)
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
Su et al. (2017) used the scale in a pretest and two main studies; alphas ranged from .93 to .96. Items appear adapted from Williams, Cheung, and Choi (2000). Clear temporal instructions should be given so respondents focus on a particular episode or time period.
Su, L., Jiang, Y., Chen, Z., & Dewall, C. N. (2017). Social exclusion and consumer switching behavior: A control restoration mechanism. Journal of Consumer Research, 44(1), 99–117.
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