Naturalness of the Food

What it measures

Natural, pure, unprocessed — three unipolar items rate how far a food sits from the industrially processed end of the spectrum.

Response Format

7-point Likert (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree)

Representative items

• natural
• pure
• unprocessed

Citation

Hagen, L. (2021). Pretty Healthy Food: How and When Aesthetics Enhance Perceived Healthiness. Journal of Marketing, 85(2), 129–145.

Keywords