A three-item scale measuring the strength of a dissatisfied consumer's desire to express and release their frustrations about a company. Items capture the urge to vent, the desire to express frustrations, and the motivation to release pent-up feelings about a specific company. The scale operationalises venting as a distinct consumer motive — separate from constructive complaint behaviour — that drives emotional expression rather than problem-resolution seeking.
Hydock, Chris, Zoey Chen, and Kurt Carlson (2020). Why unhappy customers are unlikely to share their opinions with brands. Journal of Marketing, 84(6), 95–112.
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