Three items assess how vividly and sensorially engaging a web page's product presentation is perceived to be. Bleier, Harmeling, and Palmatier (2019) slightly adapted three of four items from Jiang and Benbasat's (2007) vividness scale. CFA in Study 1 confirmed convergent and discriminant validity, with an AVE of .66 and composite reliability of .86.
7-point Likert (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree; inferred)
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
Response format was not explicitly stated; anchors are inferred from another scale in the same study (strongly disagree/strongly agree, 7-point). Two companion scales from the same paper assess entertainment value and informativeness.
Bleier, A., Harmeling, C. M., & Palmatier, R. W. (2019). Creating effective online customer experiences. Journal of Marketing, 83(2), 98–119.
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