Three items assess whether a particular brand generates feelings of closeness to nature and natural environments, including forests, lakes, and mountains. Schmuck, Matthes, and Naderer (2018) adopted the scale from Hartmann and Apaolaza-Ibáñez (2012), who used similar items to measure what they called nature experiences. The scale was used in Studies 1 (n=486, U.S.) and 2 (n=300, Germany).
7-point Likert (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree)
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
CFA across both studies confirmed two distinct factors when this scale was tested alongside a greenwashing perception measure, supporting discriminant validity. Alpha was .92 in Study 2 (German sample). The blank in each item should be replaced with the focal brand name.
Schmuck, D., Matthes, J., & Naderer, B. (2018). Misleading consumers with green advertising? An affect–reason–involvement account of greenwashing effects in environmental advertising. Journal of Advertising, 47(2), 127–145.
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