Assesses the degree to which a participant felt actively engaged versus passively observant during an experience or activity. Developed as a manipulation check in a gamification study where participants either interacted with or passively watched a product innovation presentation. Two items are reverse-scored. Suitable for any context where active versus passive engagement is a key distinction, such as demonstrations, gamified presentations, or co-creation activities.
Müller-Stewens, J., Schlager, T., Häubl, G., & Herrmann, A. (2017). Gamified information presentation and consumer adoption of product innovations. Journal of Marketing, 81(2), 8–24.
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