Adapts Aaker's (1997) brand personality framework for tourism destinations, identifying three destination-specific personality dimensions. Sincerity captures warmth, genuineness, and down-to-earth character of the destination. Excitement captures energy, vibrancy, and distinctiveness — the daring and spirited qualities that make a place feel alive. Conviviality captures social warmth, friendliness, and charm of the place and its people — a dimension not present in Aaker's original brand personality scale. Destination personality predicts tourist self-congruence (preference for destinations that match self-concept) and destination loyalty, and is used by DMOs for brand positioning and competitive differentiation.
Ekinci, Y., & Hosany, S. (2006). Destination personality: An application of brand personality to tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 45(2), 127–139.
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