This scale measures the level of grip and push forces that a consumer experiences with a shopping cart. Estes and Streicher (2022) used it in Study 3 with 141 people recruited at a European university, with three items measuring grip force and three measuring push force.
7-point scale (-3 to +3, reflecting worse to better ergonomics; verbal anchors not otherwise specified)
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
The alpha was .86 (Estes and Streicher 2022, p. 146). Although validity was not discussed per se, a principal component analysis indicated the six items loaded on a single factor. Three items were designed to measure grip force and three to measure push force -- two conceptually distinct dimensions of cart ergonomics -- yet the factor analysis indicated they measured the same construct; further examination is recommended to determine whether the six items should be treated as one scale or two.
Estes, Zachary and Mathias C. Streicher (2022), "Getting a Handle on Sales: Shopping Carts Affect Purchasing by Activating Arm Muscles," Journal of Marketing, 86 (6), 135-154.
Free access to 2437+ psychometric scales at PsychScales