This scale measures how much a shopper believes that no one else can hear them moving around or handling product packaging while in a physical store. Ringler, Esmark Jones, and Stevens (2022) developed it to study how ambient sound levels create a sense of auditory concealment for shoppers.
7-point scale (strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (7))
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
The scale was reliable (α = .87; Ringler, Esmark Jones, and Stevens 2022, p. 598) among 206 undergraduate participants. Validity was not separately reported by the authors.
Ringler, Christine, Carol L. Esmark Jones, and Jennifer L. Stevens (2022), "The Ostrich Effect: Feeling Hidden Amidst the Ambient Sound of Human Voices," Journal of Retailing, 98 (4), 593-610.
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