This scale measures the degree to which a person believes a particular object possesses attributes that are fundamental to humans but not unique to them ("essential human attributes"), one of a pair of measures developed by Loughnan and Haslam (2007) to capture what they termed "senses of humanness." Garvey, Kim, and Duhachek (2023) used the scale, unadapted, in a supplemental study reported in Web Appendix G, with 400 MTurk participants; the word "robot" was used to fill the blank in that study.
7-point Likert (1=Not at All, 4=Somewhat, 7=Very Much)
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
Not adapted — used verbatim from the original source. Alpha was .94 (Garvey, Kim, and Duhachek 2023, Web Appendix, p. 24). The scale correlated strongly with other anthropomorphism-related measures, providing some evidence of convergent validity, though the authors noted the strong correlations called the group's discriminant validity into question (Web Appendix, p. 25). The first five items are positive attributes and the second five are negative; reverse-scoring was not noted by the authors, so factor analysis is recommended before use to determine whether reverse-scoring is appropriate. Items follow the stem "To what extent does the ___ have the following characteristics?"; the blank should be filled with an appropriate name for the object being rated (e.g., "robot").
Garvey, Aaron M., TaeWoo Kim, and Adam Duhachek (2023), "Bad News? Send an AI. Good News? Send a Human," Journal of Marketing, 87 (1), 10-25.
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