Six single-word adjectives capture the intensity of negative feelings. Best suited to contexts in which respondents have experienced an outcome that did not meet expectations. High internal consistency documented across multiple uses by the original authors and subsequent researchers.
9-point unipolar scale (not at all to very much)
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
Also used by Huang, Huang, & Wyer (2016, Journal of Consumer Research, 43(3), 372–387) in a study on nostalgia and consumer patience, where alpha = .97. The scale is best suited to post-experience measurement contexts where an event failed to meet expectations. Pair with companion positive affect scale if measuring mixed emotions.
Aaker, J., Drolet, A., & Griffin, D. (2008). Recalling mixed emotions. Journal of Consumer Research, 35(2), 268–278.
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