Four items measure the emotional attachment a consumer has to a store, capturing warmth, happiness, and a sense of emotional loss at the prospect of losing access to it.
7-point Likert (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree)
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
Developed in Hess (1998) dissertation research; used by Lichtenstein, Drumwright, and Braig (2004), who reported alpha .85. Description states three items; four were extracted—verify item count against original article. Blanks should be replaced with the store name.
Hess, J. S. (1998). A multidimensional conceptualization of consumer brand relationships: The differential impact of relationship dimensions on evaluative relationship outcomes. Doctoral dissertation, Leeds School of Business, University of Colorado.
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