This scale measures the degree to which a person holds conflicting positive and negative feelings toward cigarettes. Hamby and Russell (2022) created the measure for a study of adolescents' responses to risky products, drawing some wording from an earlier general measure of attitudinal ambivalence; a parallel version referencing e-cigarettes was also used.
7-point scale (strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (7), per the article text)
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
Reliability was strong for both the cigarette and e-cigarette versions (α = .91 each; Hamby and Russell 2022, p. 852), based on a sample of 758 French adolescents aged 13-17. Reliability was not reported for a follow-up wave nine months later. Validity was not discussed. Note: the article text and web appendix describe slightly different response anchors (strongly disagree/agree vs. completely disagree/agree).
Hamby, Anne and Cristel Russell (2022), "How Does Ambivalence Affect Young Consumers' Response to Risky Products?" Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 50 (4), 841-863.
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