Disconfirmation (Music)

What it measures

A ten-item Likert-type scale designed to measure the degree of disconfirmation of a person's expectations regarding the performance of some music.

Response format

9-point scale

Scale items

• rhythm
• harmony
• tempo
• arrangement
• sound editing
• sound quality
• modality
• pitch
• instrumentation
• lyrics

Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.

Usage notes & scoring

Internal consistency (alpha = .96) was reported in the primary study. Formal validity assessment was not reported by the original authors.

Citation

Patrick, Vanessa M., Deborah J. MacInnis, and C. Whan Park (2007), “Not as Happy as I Thought I’d Be? Affective Misforecasting and Product Evaluations,” Journal of Consumer Research, 33 (4), 479-489.

Keywords