Groundedness Outcomes (Psychological)

What it measures

This scale measures a person's feeling of inner strength, stability, and self-confidence — the psychological outcomes that follow from feeling grounded. Eichinger, Schreier, and van Osselaer (2022) used it in Study 5b with a sample of students at an unidentified major European university; the source of the scale and the language in which the survey was administered were not stated.

Response format

7-point Likert (1=Strongly disagree, 7=Strongly agree)

Scale items

• I have a strong feeling of basic trust and confidence in myself.
• I feel truly safe as a person.
• I experience a feeling of inner strength.
• I feel truly stable.
• I feel that nothing can stir me up.

Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.

Usage notes & scoring

Alpha was .89 (Eichinger, Schreier, and van Osselaer 2022, web appendix, p. 40). Using the Fornell and Larcker (1981) criterion, the authors confirmed the distinctiveness of this outcomes scale from a separate (unnamed in the handbook) measure of one's need for groundedness, supporting discriminant validity for both; AVE for this scale was .63.

Citation

Eichinger, Isabel, Martin Schreier, and Stijn M.J. van Osselaer (2022), "Connecting to Place, People, and Past: How Products Make Us Feel Grounded," Journal of Marketing, 86 (4), 1-16.

Keywords