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Independence (Self-Concept)

INDEPIndependent, self-reliant dimension of self-concept
11 items 2004 α .82 Free Choi, Y. K., & Miracle, G. E.

What it measures

Eleven items measure the independent dimension of self-concept, capturing self-reliance, uniqueness, internal direction, and the primacy of personal identity over social roles.

Citation

Choi, Y. K., & Miracle, G. E. (2004). The effectiveness of comparative advertising in Korea and the United States. Journal of Advertising, 33(4), 75–87.

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