This scale measures how easy a shopper finds it to see inside a store because the space is well lit. Ringler, Esmark Jones, and Stevens (2022) used it in the pretest for Study 3 with 127 undergraduate students at a large North American university. No source was given, so the scale appears to have been created by the authors.
7-point Likert (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree)
Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.
Alpha was .89 (Ringler, Esmark Jones, and Stevens 2022, p. 602); validity was not reported.
Ringler, Christine, Carol L. Esmark Jones, and Jennifer L. Stevens (2022), "The Ostrich Effect: Feeling Hidden Amidst the Ambient Sound of Human Voices," Journal of Retailing, 98 (4), 593-610.
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