Privacy of Information (Withholding Personal Information)

What it measures

A three-item likert scale designed to measure the degree to which a person would refrain from providing personal information at a particular website or not use it at all.

Response format

7-point Likert (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree)

Scale items

• I would be reluctant to register with this website.
• I would refuse to provide personal information to this website.
• I would avoid visiting this website.

Full scale items shown. Always cite the original source when using this scale in research.

Usage notes & scoring

Formal validity assessment was not reported by the original authors.

Citation

Lwin, May, Jochen Wirtz, and Jerome D. Williams (2007), “Consumer Online Privacy Concerns and Responses: A Power-Responsibility Equilibrium Perspective,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Research, 35 (4), 572-585.

Keywords