Processing Fluency (General)

What it measures

Easy or hard to process? Five paired items measure how effortlessly something is mentally understood.

Response Format

7-point Likert (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree)

Representative items

• difficult / easy
• unclear / clear
• disfluent / fluent
• effortful / effortless
• incomprehensible / comprehensible

Citation

Graf, L.K., Mayer, S., & Landwehr, J.R. (2018). Measuring Processing Fluency: One versus Five Items. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 28(3), 393–411.

Keywords