A three-item Likert-type scale designed to measure the degree to which a consumer places the blame for a problem with a good or service on a particular entity (person, manufacturer, service provider).
Dong, Beibei, Kenneth R. Evans, and Shaoming Zou (2008), “The Effects of Customer Participation in Co-Created Service Recovery, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36 (1), 123-137.
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