A multiple-item unipolar scale designed to measure the degree to which a person reports experiencing an emotion composed of distressed and altruistic sorts of feelings.
Batson, C. Daniel, Karen O'Quin, Jim Fultz, and Mary Vanderplas (1983), “Influence of Self-Reported Distress and Empathy on Egoistic Versus Altruistic Motivation to Help,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45 (3), 706–718.
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